An HPLC-ESI-QTOF Method to Analyze Polar Heteroatomic Species in Aviation Turbine Fuel via Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Through Statistical Analysis of Mass Spectral Data
Date of Award
12-12-2024
Degree Name
Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering
Department
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Advisor/Chair
Zachary West
Abstract
Aviation turbine fuel is a complex mixture comprised of thousands of compounds. While organo-oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur heteroatomic compounds are present in minute quantities (=2 on averaged normalized abundance data) to determine what nitrogen compounds could be associated with QCM deposit formation. The down and up regulated features that were extracted from the FC were then further down selected to analyze connections between 10 distinct nitrogen classes and thermal oxidative stability. Three main trends emerged: 1) increase in deposit regardless of carbon number, 2) increase in deposit at high carbon numbers, and 3) increase in deposit for the case of aliphatic amines, while others show no change. These findings were insightful, confirming or expounding upon previous work by discovering new information, as well as uncovering additional areas of further research. The role that certain compounds play in the autoxidation mechanism has been conflicting for classes such as quinolines and anilines/pyridines, but this study expounded upon and confirmed their importance. Also notably, other classes including phenylpyridines, indolines/tetrahydroquinolines, piperidines/pyrrolidines, dihydropyrroles/dihydroquinolines, pyrroles, and aliphatic amines also correlated to increase in QCM deposit for some or all carbon numbers. In addition, the study verified the importance of indoles and carbazoles on deposit formation. Recommended areas of future research include learning more about how specific compounds such as NOS, nitric oxides, sulfur oxides, sulfur dioxides, and disulfur dioxide play a role in thermal oxidative stability. Overall, further research is required to analyze fuel mixtures and actual fuels to investigate oxygen consumption and deposition measurements to elucidate the contributions of heteroatomic fuel species and, most importantly, their interactions during fuel autoxidation.
Keywords
aviation turbine fuel, mass spectrometry, statistical analysis, polar heteroatoms, HILIC, thermal stability
Rights Statement
Copyright © 2024, author.
Recommended Citation
Arts, Amanda, "An HPLC-ESI-QTOF Method to Analyze Polar Heteroatomic Species in Aviation Turbine Fuel via Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Through Statistical Analysis of Mass Spectral Data" (2024). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7462.
https://ecommons.udayton.edu/graduate_theses/7462
