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  Building a Weather Station IoT Project

  Maneesh Pabolu

  In this project, we'll create a weather station that can detect temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure using an Arduino board and a variety of sensors. The sensors are connected to the Arduino board as part of the project, and the board is programmed to read the sensors' data and display it on an LCD screen. Real-time weather data will be available from the weather station, which may also be upgraded to include more sensors or connected to the internet for remote monitoring. Making a useful tool while learning about electronics, programming, and weather monitoring is possible with this project.

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  Characterization of the Surface Chemistry at Corroded and Non-Corroded Sites on Aluminum Alloys 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 Samples Exposed at a Tropical, Coastal Location

  Michaela Kendig, Farrah Cole (off-campus contributor)

  Replicate samples of bare aluminum alloys AA7075-T6 and AA2024-T3 were exposed at a coastal atmospheric test site located at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Key West, FL (NRL-KW). The samples were installed on atmospheric exposure racks and retrieved at intervals of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. Elemental composition of baseline (non-exposed) and exposed samples were measured using a Zeiss EVO-50XP Environmental Scanning Electron microscope equipped with a EDAX Genesis 2000 energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) system. Pitted and non-pitted sites on each sample were analyzed for compositional elements of the alloy as well as non-compositional elements (i.e., environmentally derived). It was determined that the deposition of environmental elements in pitted locations on the specimens occurred at elevated concentrations to that of major elements present in natural seawater. The deposition and concentration of these environmentally derived elements on the metal surface vary as a function of exposure site and length of exposure time.

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  Clap-Activated Switch

  Likitha Sai Jeerlapally

  This paper represents the implementation of a clap-activated switch device that can be used in many real-time applications. This design consists of various hardware devices such as Arduino, battery, and relay. By giving the appropriate connections according to the usage, this device can be developed and implemented. This clap-activated switch is not only applied to one appliance but also can be applied to multiple devices like Lights, fans, TV, AC, etc. In this fast-forward generation, many prefer smart work to hard work. Arduino sketch code is also required to run the required application and dump it into the Arduino board. This can be implemented anywhere in the home or office. This is mainly useful for old people who are unable to walk or disabled persons who cannot walk through switches to ON and OFF the required appliances like lights, fans, and TV. Even for children who can not catch the switches when they are alone at night then this will be very useful for them when their parents or caretakers are not available for them. The main aim is to activate this clap-activated switch for different appliances in the house or in an office with different modulation of sounds using audio frequency. This can be done using sound sensing sensors. This is the main concept of this paper working on.

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  Compact atto-joule-per-bit bus-coupled photonic crystal nanobeam switches

  Jianhao Shen

  Over the past decade, the benefits of photonics over electronics such as ability to achieve high bandwidth, high interconnectivity and low latency, together with the high maturity of silicon photonics foundries has spurred robust applications in optical transceivers and in classical and quantum computing. In both application areas, silicon microring resonators (MRRs) using carrier depletion effects in p-n junctions represent the most compact optical switches manufacturable at high volume with 5.2fJ/bit power consumption. Matrix computation approaches as well wavelength-division-multiplexed modulators require several MRRs in series coupled to the silicon waveguide optical bus. Such architectures are potentially limited to ~30 by the limited free-spectral range (FSR) of an individual MRR. However, with ever increasing data volumes, there is a need to process larger matrices and/or modulate more wavelengths in the telecom bands along a single silicon bus channel. Photonic crystal (PC) dielectric structures confine an optical mode to sub-micron mode volumes and have shown the potential to reach 0.1fJ switching energies. Research till date on PC devices have centered on either inline one-dimensional PC nanobeam structures or on two-dimensional PC waveguide coupled microcavity configurations. In this paper, through detailed electrical and optical simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility to achieve compact switches with 1dB insertion loss, 5dB extinction and ~260aJ/bit switching energies in the bus-coupled 1D photonic crystal nanobeam platform. Resonance linewidths < 0.1nm and FSR > 300nm enable energy efficient computing of larger matrices with ~200 resonators in series separated by ~0.5nm wavelength over the entire C+L bands. Device architectures will be presented.

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  Deep Learning Based Channel Prediction and CSI Feedback for Wireless Communication in High Mobility Environment

  Daidong Ying

  With the development of high speed train and vehicular network, improving the communications in the high mobility environment has become a urgent mission for the wireless mobile network. Nonetheless, Due to the high mobility of the user device, the channel between the base station and the user is fast changing. The user devices have to estimate the channel more frequently, which leads to high overhead in the communication process. Recently, Deep Learning has been introduced as a good solution to reduce the communication overhead of the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. Many Deep Learning based schemes such as channel state information (CSI) prediction and CSI feedback are proposed. However, the existing schemes have two shortcomings. The first one is that the current CSI prediction schemes do not support the Orthogonal-Time-Frequency-Space (OTFS) multiplexing. The outstanding performance of OTFS in high mobility environment has been demonstrated by many researchers. The second shortcoming is that the existing CSI feedback schemes are not efficient enough for communications in high mobility environment. To tackle the issues, the objective of this proposed project is to reduce the communication overhead of MIMO-OTFS system and improve CSI feedback efficiency. Therefor, we propose to develop a Deep Learning based CSI prediction scheme for the MIMO-OTFS system and develop a low-complexity CSI feedback scheme.

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  Deployable Space Craft Radiator Systems

  David Warburton, Jeremy Price, Mohammed Farhan Aziz Najeeb

  Spacecrafts deal with an extreme range of temperatures where conserving and removing largeamounts of thermal energy is necessary. The most effective way to control radiative heat flux isby manipulating the surface area of a body. This project involves three separate systems that allattempt to neutralize this problem. One model is a theoretical, infinitely thin geometric sheet.Another works on the same concept except with actual body thickness and non-rigid jointsbetween them. Finally, the third is rigidly foldable geometry. The infinitely thin model is beingrun in Python, while the other two models were designed in solidworks, simulated in Ansys, andprototypes were 3D printed. To this point, Ansys simulations have been completed for the rigidlyfoldable model, while the model with non-rigid joints is undergoing more design work toimprove its kinematic feasibility.

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  Design of an Electro-pneumatic Control System for Soft Robotic Applications in Medicine and Industry

  John Wischmeyer

  The University of Dayton DIMLab (Design of Innovative Machines) is working in the area of soft robot design. In prior work, the DIMLab has investigated predictive CAD modeling of the PneuNet actuator, proposed by the Whitesides Research Group of Harvard University. PneuNet actuators are mainly used in soft robotic grippers capable of moving fragile or asymmetrical objects. The DIMLab has years of work invested in the design and production of soft pneumatic actuators, but has lacked an ability to test printed models at specific pressure increments. The basis of all soft robotic applications lies in having the ability to accurately control the pressure coming from the air supply. Digital pressure regulators exist but are costly and designed for much higher pressure applications. Furthermore, current pressure regulators are only applicable to industry as they must be connected to an external air supply confined to the work environment, which is less desirable for mobile applications. Another challenge is cataloging the relationship between the amount of supplied air pressure and the corresponding deflection of the soft robot. As of now, researchers have used a mechanical pressure regulator and have measured the displacement of soft robots by hand, which introduces significant human error in the recording of test data. This is a very time consuming process and must be repeated for every model that is to be tested. Rather, the developed system incorporates computer-based vision sensing to track the orientation of the soft robot, and allows user-interaction via a Graphical User Interface (GUI). This honors thesis proposes a working prototype which will serve as the foundation for all of the DIMLab’s soft robot testing now and in the future. In addition, research will continue in the development of PneuNet-like actuators, including their design, simulation, and printing.

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  Detecting the Temperature of My Car

  Isaac Ege

  The goal of my project is to leave my embedded device in my car. I will measure the temperature of my device. Then It will detect if my car is on (probably by a rapid change in temperature) and then notify me that my car is warm and ready to drive. Rather than wait to see in my car if it is warm/cold.

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  Distance Calculation Device

  Lokesh Karanam

  The objective of this project is to calculate the distance from the sensor by using Arduino and to demonstrate an understanding of the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things is used to describe the overall network of connected devices as well as the technology that enables communication between devices and the cloud as well as within the devices themselves. In this project, Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor, Node-Red, and Buzzer, are used to detect the distance from the sensor. The distance will be measured of the objects from the sensor and if the object is closer than the minimum distance bar the buzzer sound will activate and if the object is above the minimum distance bar the buzzer will deactivate. This project is useful in many ways, for example, we can use this in our car if any other vehicle is closer the buzzer will activate until it reaches the minimum distance by using this we can avoid accidents. The distance will be shown in centimeters in this project and the results will be shown in the Arduino.

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  ECE 420 Internet of Things Final Project

  Alejandro Ruiz, Abdulkareem A A A F M Alfaraj, Andrew Boerger, Luke Hobbs, Ignacio Abrams-Santiago, Peter Baggio, Maximillian Toscani

  This project is about internet of things, which is mainly about programming a circuit and presenting it of how it will work. Mainly, the presentation will include the codes that have been used and how it is functioning with my project.

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  Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on OAM Beams and Potential Applications in Free-Space Optical Communication

  Hao Lun Wu

  Free-space optical (FSO) communication, which makes use of a modulated laser beam to achieve data transmission, has gained lots of interest for a long time due to its ability to have secure transmission and potential high data rates. Interest has increased in using beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) for FSO communication, due to their (theoretically) infinite amount of orthogonal modes and potential high resistance to atmospheric turbulence. In this experimental study, Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams are used as OAM beams and different orders are generated using a spatial light modulator (SLM). A wave optics simulation method is used to generate phase screens containing simulated atmospheric turbulence, which in turn are used on two SLMs to generate atmospheric turbulence in our experimental setup. In this study, different orders of OAM beams are propagated through atmospheric turbulence, ranging in strength from weak to strong. The distorted beam is recorded using a CCD camera and the images are processed to determine their spot size, divergence, intensity and on-axis scintillation. The effect of the strength of atmospheric turbulence on different orders of LG beam is analyzed using these beam parameters.

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  Efficient Smart Street Light

  Akhil Sai Gudala

  A significant quantity of electricity is wasted by the traditional street light system which is a potential electricity consumer. The amount of electricity consumed remains constant and unaffected by the volume of traffic. This project is to save electrical energy by detecting the vehicle movement and by increasing the intensity of the streetlights ahead of it and simultaneously decreasing the intensity of the lights. A smart street light system using photoresistor and Arduino can be designed to optimize energy consumption by adjusting the brightness of the streetlights according to the ambient lighting conditions. The system consists of a photoresistor that detects the ambient lighting conditions and an Arduino board that controls the intensity of the streetlights. The system works by measuring the resistance of the photoresistor, which changes according to the amount of ambient light. The Arduino board receives this data and adjusts the brightness of the streetlights accordingly. For example, during the day when there is ample sunlight, the streetlights can be dimmed or turned off, saving energy. At night or during cloudy days, the streetlights can be adjusted accordingly.

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  Embedding Electronics into Composites Using Technical Embroidery

  Sydney Ramsey

  Embedding electronics within composites can lead to multifunctional and light weight components. This project discusses technical embroidery using ZSK machinery to incorporate electronics in composite materials, such as an RFID antenna. It outlines previous research and projects, steps to stitch and embed an antenna, results, and proposes next steps.

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  Experimental Investigation of Phase Change Materials in Solar Thermal Propulsion System

  Naga Sree Sumanvitha Vommina

  The main objective of this project is to investigate the performance of various Phase Change Materials as the Heat Exchange media in a solar thermal propulsion system. The secondary objective is to visualize and develop the solar thermal propulsion system by running various ground tests using a solar simulator as power source. In this system, the energy from solar light is concentrated into a small cavity through a parabolic reflector and is used to heat the PCM, which in turn heats the propellant and directs it through the nozzle to provide thrust adequate to travel in space. The prototype of the system is first designed using a CAD software and later fabricated into a bench scale model. The model is then set up in the laboratory and connected to the solar simulator. Tests will be conducted with various PCM’s to analyze the best suitable one for this system, i.e., the PCM that gives the best heat transfer from the cavity to the propellant while having a great heat storage capacity. Parameters which would be measured to analyze the same include the Melting point, latent heat of fusion, temperatures of propellant, etc.The project involves design, modelling and fabrication of a bench scale Solar Thermal Ferry that can be used to carry and deliver satellites to Moon or Mars’ orbit from LEO. PCM’s are essential for space travel since the solar energy needs to be stored for the spacecraft to successfully complete the interplanetary missions which consume time and fuel. Without the energy storage system, the spacecraft might need to use conventional fuel ignition systems, which cost money to manufacture and implement in the spacecraft. Moreover, this propulsion system is revolutionary since its only power source is the Sun, which can be simulated by the state-of-the-art solar simulator at the University of Dayton’s Thermodynamics lab.

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  Exploring methods to forecast the intensity scintillation in free space optical communication using a deep learning approach

  Mohammad Albaqer Hammid Jwaid Al Ghezi

  Free space optical communication (FSO) is an essential technology that uses optical bandwidthto transmit data through the air, it can transmit up to 2.5Gbps through a secure channel.However, there are several challenges an FSO channel encounters, one of which isatmospheric turbulence. Atmospheric turbulence can degrade the optical signal due to effects,such as intensity scintillation and beam wandering. The scintillation index is an often-usedmetric measuring the normalized intensity variance. It can be measured using a scintillometer.However, it is not possible to measure the scintillation index in all locations and at all times.In this work, a machine learning algorithm has been optimized to forecast the scintillation index.Meteorological data, such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed, is obtained togetherwith the scintillation index at an experiment along a 7 km propagation path in Dayton, OH. Thedata is divided into four equal parts corresponding to the four seasons and the data in eachseason is divided into training and validation data. Long-short-term memory (LSTM) modelshave been optimized and tuned to forecast the scintillation index. The mean absolute error(MAE) is used to compare the predicted scintillation index with the measured scintillation indexand the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer is used to update the trainableparameters to fit the scintillation. The training process is performed with different LSTM modelson the training data for each season and the performance of the model is measured using thevalidation data for the corresponding season. The LSTM model predicts the scintillation indexwith weighted average MAE around 0.07 for all seasons.

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  Fire Alarm

  Shiva Krishna Chennaram

  I used flame sensor in my all labs of this course. when the sensor detects the flame, immediately the alarm (buzzer) goes ON. Here in my final project, I want to implement an important feature i.e., the user panel will tell the user exactly where the flame is detected like example: Flame Detected in kitchen or Bedroom1 or Hallway.

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  Fire Detection Sensor

  Vinay Kumar Muniganti

  ABSTRACT : Many studies and investigations have been conducted in the recent years in an effort to strengthen security measures and raise the degree of protection they provide in a variety of contexts. One of the main issues that security must address is the possibility of a fire outbreak, which can occur anywhere, including homes, schools, factories, and a variety of other locations. To prevent this from happening or to lessen the damage caused by a fire outbreak, IOT technology is used to manage this type of risk. A modern system known as the Internet of Things (IoT) is made up of sensors and switches that are connected to a gateway. As part of this project, we'll utilize an Arduino device and a temperature sensor known as a "flame sensor" to detect the onset of a fire and gauge its severity.

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  Flame Alert

  Sudharani Aerupula

  Here in this project Iam going to implement a feature for getting an alert to our personal devices when the fire is detected in office or factory. so that we can take an action immediately to avoid the loss and damage. In the same way the alert can be sent to fire department if the situation is critical that we cannot handle. The reason am doing this project is because, in my last labs I used flame sensor, where I got more interest and wanted to implement some more extent.

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  Fundamentals of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

  Abdul Moid Khan

  A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel oxidation reaction directly into electricity. A solid oxide fuel cell can be considered an electro-chemical reactor which converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity. Hydrogen or a hydrocarbon (e.g., methane) is supplied on the anode and air or oxygen on the cathode side of the fuel cell. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide (if hydrogen is not pure) diffuse through the porous anode to the three-phase boundary formed by the anode, the electrolyte, and the gaseous hydrogen. Similarly, oxygen diffuses through cathode to three phase-boundary on the cathode side where oxygen accepts electrons. These oxygen ions (oxide ions) travel through the porous electrolyte and react with hydrogen to produce electrons and water at the anode and thus an electro motive force is generated between two electrodes. The two electrodes can be connected via an external circuit and an electrical current can be generated. The change in Gibbs free energy of the overall cell reaction is equal to the maximum electrochemical work. The electrical potential difference between the cell electrodes produced due to half-cell reactions drives the electrons to move from the anode to the cathode in the cell external electric circuit. In this presentation, some fundamentals behind the operation of high temperature solid oxide fuel cells as well as information from past industrial scale SOFC systems will be reviewed.

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  Generating Low Order Weight Models for Mechanical Design of an Aircraft with a Bio-Inspired Rotating Empennage

  Kyle Naumann

  In development of an aircraft with a Bio-Inspired Rotating Empennage (BIRE), it is important to optimize the weight of the mechanical system while meeting performance requirements for flight dynamics. Mechanical elements requiring optimization include the bearings, gears, and actuators. Through use of stress equations with verification against finite element simulations and manufacturer data, low order models are generated to rapidly estimate system component weights for a series of design configurations. For bearings, the bore diameter and applied load serves as primary design variables. The weight-estimating model then determines the lightest possible bearing by varying the diameter and number of balls within the bearing while attempting to stay within a defined ball contact stress limit. The gear model operates similarly, with design variables of bore diameter, required output torque, number of pinions, and ring gear OD used with varying tooth pitch, tooth count, and face width. However, additional material was removed from the pinions by adding cutouts, and the stresses in these cutouts was matched to the bending stress on the gear tooth. The cuts were then geometrically parameterized as relationships to other gear features and applied to all gear possibilities for further weight reduction in suitable gears. Actuators are segmented into individual sub-components to estimate mass based on power and speed. All models will be combined to optimize the total system weight for the BIRE and provide the best arrangement of components.

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  Hand gesture recognition system using sensor and Arduino

  Subrahmanyam Gangadharabhatla

  This project presents the design and implementation of a Hand gesture recognition system using a Hand gesture recognition sensor on an Arduino platform. The sensor can read the hand signs loaded into the system previously and recognize the gestures when placed in front of the sensor. Further, we can process the information to control a robot or machine to perform actions. This system can provide situations such as contactless controls and interactions. This system is dependable and straightforward to use. This project provides the system's design and execution too. Recommendations for the improvement of the system also are concluded in the report.

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  Hazard Alert Prototype for Road Construction

  Qingyu Ren

  Injuries caused by the operator's negligence or lack of attention by laborers to the surrounding environment during the road construction process are one of the main reasons for accidents in road construction sites. The use of sound cues in construction vehicles is a widely used method to alert people in the vicinity. However, in real-world applications, the voice alert of the vehicle may not be efficient in letting people notice it due to the noise of the construction site and people wearing sound insulation equipment to protect their hearing. Vibration might be a better way to apply in construction sites that are less affected by surrounding noise, and it can indicate the potential hazard direction to people. On the other hand, ultrasonic sensors are a well-developed technology used for distance and size measurement in homogeneous materials. With recent advancements in microprocessor ability, detection and distance estimation using ultrasonic sensors are possible. The aim of this project is to build an alert device that combines ultrasonic sensors with vibration sensors to notify people of the direction in which an object is approaching and to be aware of the potential hazard.

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  Home security using Arduino

  Dharma Teja Rao Gandra

  The objective of this project is to create a security system that automatically takes photos when a door is opened using sonar sensors. The system is built using an Arduino kit and a sonar sensor, and it is designed to be simple, reliable, and easy to use.The project involves several steps. The first step is to choose a sonar sensor that is compatible with the Arduino board. Once the sonar sensor is selected, it is connected to the Arduino board and programmed to detect changes in distance when the door is opened. The sensor will send out a sound wave that will bounce off the door and return to the sensor. By measuring the time it takes for the sound wave to travel to the door and back, the distance between the sensor and the door can be calculated.When the door is opened and the distance measured by the sonar sensor changes, the Arduino board will trigger the camera module to take a photo. The camera module is connected to the Arduino board and programmed to take photos when activated.The system can be customized to include additional features such as an alarm or notifications when the door is opened. For example, a piezoelectric buzzer can be added to the circuit to create an audible alarm, or an Ethernet or Wi-Fi module can be used to send notifications to a phone or email.Overall, this project demonstrates the use of an Arduino kit and sonar sensor to create a simple and effective security system that can be used to monitor doors and windows. The system is designed to be expandable and customizable, allowing users to add additional features and functionality as needed.

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  How Much is your Desk Lamp Costing per Year?

  David Pohlod

  Growing electricity bills plague many of us who call Dayton home, but what exactly can we do to combat those rising prices. The most simple solution is to crack down on turning off lights when they are not in use. In this experiment I will explore the cost of a desk lamp that is used semi-frequently throughout the week and explore the amount of electrical energy it consumes on a daily basis. Basic cost of electricity will be set as the rate at which the electrical company, AES, charges my house per kilowatt hour. The data will be recorded via an Elegoo Uno R3 microcontroller with a photoresistor connected to measure when the light is turned on and how intense the light is. The data collected will then be used to draw conclusions about the cost to operate a single lamp per day, per month and per year.

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  Identification and Design of Neuromorphic Controller Inspired by Mammalian Neural Control Mechanisms Applying Concurrent Learning Algorithm

  Ranjani Kripashankar

  Human brains can do amazing things. The motor cortex can induce huge transient responses to perform very gentle and precise movements with the regulation of neuromodulators. The sensory and motor cortices in a human body are shaped by experience. These regulatory mechanisms of the brain enable humans with flexible and robust abilities in adapting to dynamic environments and greatly improve accuracy and fault tolerance which is the bottleneck in the control of complex real-time systems. The ability to identify and replicate these biological control systems could help provide a better understanding to reproduce functional behaviours of humans (like walking running etc.) to yield better results i.e., replace the bits and clocks of digital computation with the spikes and rhythm of human communication.Inspired by the control mechanisms of motor cortex, the study presents evidence on a small scale by focusing on developing a software infrastructure that allows for data collection from a human teacher performing control of a class of non-linear systems (Inverted Pendulum on Cart and Ball and Beam) with uncertain dynamics and external perturbations and ability to learn from the collected data using the Concurrent Learning algorithm to identify the control law of unknown form acquired by a human through direct experience with the system. Owing to high demands of real-time performance, the discrete-time dynamics of the systems are considered . Specifically, numerical results focusing on whether the human subject was able to stabilize the system for a sufficiently longer time or not addressing the efficacy of the data-set is presented . To validate the approach, the identified neuromorphic controller is used to stabilize the non-linear systems in hand.