Stander Symposium Projects

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  Projecting Stock Price Movements with Fair Value Analysis

  Gianina E. Alagia, Jessica Thomas

  Financial analysts generally agree that the present value of a firm's future stream of discounted cash flows presents its intrinsic or fair value. If the actual price of a firm's common stock is above or below this intrinsic value, an efficient market will cause the mispricing to quickly disappear. In this study we use Morningstar's Fair Value Price, based on a three phase discounted cash flow model, as a proxy for the true intrinsic value of a firm. The hypothesis we plan to test is that mispricing causes a "revision to the mean" or a price movement toward fair value. Using the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average as our test sample we created a fair value index (FVI) for each stock. (FVIit=FVit/Pit) FVit is the Morningstar fair value price and Pit is the actual stock price for the ith stock at time t. If FVIit>1 we expected the actual price to move up. If FVIit<1 we expected the actual price to fall. Our testing consisted of evaluating the price movements for the Dow Jones Industrial stocks for the years 2009-2012. We evaluated the quarterly returns for each Dow Jones Industrial stock to determine whether the fair value index was an accurate indicator of future returns during the testing>period.

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  Put Your Money Where Your Mouth is: Feedback Reduces Overconfidence When Betting

  Adam Barnas, Megan K. Dailey, Kristen A. Kemp, Peter M. Sismour

  Previous research has shown that overconfidence, or the belief that one can perform better on a task than one actually can, is associated with risky behavior, or the willingness to place high bets on uncertain answers (Campbell, Goodie, & Foster, 2004). The present research evaluated the relationship between overconfidence, risky behavior, and narcissism, or excessive self-admiration that leads to an unrealistic view about one's physical and mental capabilities. Participants were given a series of questionnaires and completed assessments of overconfidence, risky behavior and narcissism. They were then assigned either to place bets using virtual money to express their confidence in the accuracy of their answer (betting condition) to a series of general knowledge questions (GKQs), or to rate their confidence in their ability to accurately answer (confidence condition) the same series of GKQs. To examine the effect of timing on reported confidence, participants either rated their confidence before or after responding to each GKQ. To examine the effect of feedback on confidence, participants either received or did not receive feedback after answering each GKQ. Preliminary analyses reveal that participants in the betting condition were less overconfident than participants in the confidence condition, and that there was no significant relationship between narcissism and overconfidence. Additional analyses are expected to indicate that participants receiving feedback after answering the GKQ will show a reduction in confidence over the course of responding to the GKQs. Consistent with other published research (Mamassian, 2008), results are expected to indicate that confidence will be greater before responding to the GKQ, an effect of anticipatory overconfidence, or inability to estimate the magnitude of subjective uncertainty in decision making.

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  Rates of Corrosion of Various Metals in a Modified B117 Chamber and Their Correlation to Field Data

  Philip T. Wille

  The standard equipment used for accelerated corrosion exposure testing is the ASTM B117 chamber. Exposure conditions consist of a 3.5% NaCl salt solution that is sprayed into the chamber with one or more atomizing nozzles. The exposure zone of the chamber is maintained at a temperature of 35'2 'C (95'3'F). Exposure time depends on specific experiments and/or material being tested. The problem with this method, however, is that it does not always accurately simulate typical conditions out in the field. Outdoor conditions contain various amounts of UV and ozone which are not present in a standard B117 exposure chamber test. The objective of this experiment is to compare how differing amounts of UV and ozone in a B117 chamber will affect the rate of corrosion of various metals. Ultimately, the goal is to achieve a reliable correlation between the rate of corrosion in the field and the modified B117 chamber. The performance of five different metals (6061Al, 2024Al, 7075Al, Cu, and 1010 steel) was evaluated. Two different levels of UV and ozone were used for each of four experiments: high UV/high ozone, low UV/low ozone, high UV/low ozone, and low UV/ high ozone. High and low UV had a radiative flux of 0.96W/m2 and 0.1 W/m2, respectively; ozone was adjusted from 800ppb to 100ppb for high and low, respectively. Mass loss data was taken for each metal at every 100 hour mark, up to 1000 hours. At high UV and high ozone levels, corrosion rate increased for all exposed metals. At low UV and high ozone levels the corrosion rate decreased for each metal except for steel, where the corrosion rate remained relatively equal. Since steel does not form a passive oxide layer, this suggests that UV may be disrupting the passive oxide layers of the copper and aluminum alloys.

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  Reconciling Autonomy and Self-Enhancement: Is Consistency the Key to Well-Being?

  Kaitlin E. Boyd, Michaela M. Eames, Katharine M. Ellis, Morgan A. Hale, Bridget Petersen Lynch

  This research explores the relation between self-enhancement motivation (i.e., the motive to have and maintain positive feelings about the self) and autonomy (i.e., the motive to feel in charge of one's own life). Extensive research shows that people are motivated to feel positively about the self. However, a small set of studies noted that people who feel in charge of their lives and decisions (i.e., high in autonomy) are not motivated to have a positive sense of self in the same way as their peers. In Study 1, 338 participants completed a series of self-report measures to assess recently identified self-enhancement strategies and levels of autonomy. Using multiple regression, Study 1 provided evidence that approach oriented self-enhancement is consistent with autonomy. Study 1 supports the universality of self-enhancement by identifying strategies used by autonomous individuals to self-enhance. Based on these results, Study 2 experimentally examined the association between self-enhancement and levels of autonomy. In Study 2, 105 participants completed an impossible maze task, were provided with false negative feedback, and were randomly assigned to one of three possible coping strategies (two manipulated to encourage self-enhancement or a control condition). After participating in the coping strategy (or control), participants completed a series of self-report well-being measures. Data from Study 2 will be analyzed using multiple regression. It is expected that people will have greater psychological well-being when they self-enhance in a way consistent with their levels of autonomy. Study 2 will provide evidence for the benefits of specific strategies of self-enhancement based on level of autonomy.

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  Relative Strength, Sector Weighting, and Sector Returns: A Portfolio Analysis for the Period 2008-2012

  Matt G. Putbrese, Joseph E. Skarbek

  The Flyer Fund uses a top down approach to determine which S&P sectors it should invest in. The general approach is to use macroeconomic indicators (e.g. expected GDP growth) to determine sector weighting. In this study we use measures of relative price movements (relative strength) to determine sector weights. Treating each S&P sector as if it were an individual stock, we create a 10 stock portfolio and compare its performance to the S&P 500 over the period 2008-2012. Our research design calls for the portfolio weighting to be based on the inverse of relative strength for each sector. The approach enables us to give higher weighting to the more undervalued sectors. Rebalancing of sector weights is done at the end of each year in the study.

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  Research exercise: A couple 20's for the night: an Analysis of "Renting Lacy"

  Shannon E. Breslin

  Before this spring semester, the idea of renting a little girl was incomprehensible to me. After spending weeks in POL 300 with Professor Talbott, I learned this was a common occurrence. The focus of my poster is to enlighten you to the horrors of sex trafficking with the help of Linda Smith, the author of Renting Lacy. The book is a call to action and I hope to inspire you the way Linda inspired me. She told a story of America's prostituted children. Children like our friends, younger siblings, and even us. Little girls who like to listen to Taylor Swift and still carry around a stuffed animal, little girls who are raped and paraded around to various men throughout the night. Renting Lacy has a happy and tragic ending. Although, I highly recommend reading this book, I plan to give an in depth summary and analysis of the entire book. I implore you to share your new found knowledge about the true horrors out there and join our blue heart campaign to stop putting humans up for sale.

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  Research exercise: Adjuncts: Part Time, Full Awareness

  Carrie L. Rogan Floom

  Adjunct faculty comprise the majority of faculty members at community colleges, yet there are many deficits in the research concerning them (Townsend & Twombly, 2007). It is difficult to get an accurate portrayal of who these instructors are not only for the benefit of researchers, administrators, and students but also for the adjuncts themselves. There are many professional and personal pathways that adjuncts can choose, thus it can be difficult for them to relate to one another given the diversity among the group. While many community colleges offer their adjuncts supports, less often are they offered an integrated resource that helps to situate their position within both the institution and the larger conversation of higher education. A new resource is in progress for one of Sinclair Community College's learning centers. Currently, Sinclair has many college supports: a handbook, orientation, professional development, a support person, and a community group web page for their adjuncts. The new resource will synthesize the available college resources and also provide opportunities for becoming involved and connected to the growing field of adjunct faculty. The resource can be given to new (or existing) adjuncts as an introduction to the college's resources and will present possibilities for sharing knowledge, discussion, and support. Townsend, B. & Twombly, S. (2007). Community college faculty: Overlooked and undervalued. ASHE Higher Education Report, 32(6). San Francisco, CA: Wiley.

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  Research exercise: Advocating for Vulnerable Children

  Elizabeth M. Caraher, Mary L. Mitchell, Bethany E. Stanko, Jacquelyn A. Tondo-Steele, Nora C. Violante, Laura M. Walsh

  Our presentation is about creating awareness of the abuse of children with disabilities. This type of abuse, especially in schools, is more common than people would expect. We discuss how children experience the effects of abuse in different areas of their everyday life. This includes bullying either by peers or teachers. We draw attention to the different kinds of abuse children with disabilities are subject to and also the methods of prevention. While children with disabilities are subject to the more obvious types of abuse such as verbal abuse, children with disabilities are also subject to emotional abuse, which is often overlooked. Teachers and other people in positions that work with children with disabilities often commit emotional abuse by ignoring the needs of special needs children. In conclusion, based upon our analysis we argue that there is a need for more support and funding so that teachers can fully address the needs of children with disabilities and help them succeed.

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  Research exercise: After the Abuse

  Alyx E. Ballenger, Lauren M. Clark, Margaret Q. Corrigan, Tyler J. Craport, Lucy M. Frey, Erin B. Hamlin

  Child abuse is a significant problem in the lives of many children today. Even after the abuse has taken place, these children have to live their lives with the long term effects that result from the abuse in which they were involved. The severity of these effects may differ depending on the type of abuse and the time span during which it occurred. Many types of child abuse are considered when looking at the long term effects for victims. For example, the long term effects of child abuse from a mother can differ from the long term effects from other abusers. Other focuses of this project will involve how long term effects of child abuse will affect future interpersonal relationships, as well as the long term effects of sexual abuse from both within and outside of the child's family. It will also focus on the positive and negative effects of the foster care system and how it can either support or fail to support children as they undergo the physical, psychological, and emotional transitions. Finally, this presentation aims to capture how the effects of child abuse in the United States parallels that of different countries, namely child soldiers in Africa. We have concluded that the long term effect of child abuse can be decreased by better training professionals and parents on the signs of child abuse to promote early detection as well as improving the supports to children in the foster care system to better serve the children's unique needs.

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  Research exercise: An empirical analysis of growth and value portfolio performance in the highly volatile market period 2008-2012; a study in portfolio management

  Michael L. Hermes

  The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the return performance of portfolios of growth and value stocks during the short term, highly volatile market period, 2008-2012. Several academic studies have concluded that value outperforms growth over long periods of time. To date, there are no empirical studies that evaluate growth and value strategies over short term, highly volatile market periods. In this study, I will look at the performance of growth and value portfolios for the overall period, 2008-2012, the downswing period from 12/31/2007-3/31/2009, the rebound period from 3/31/2009-12/31/2010, and the trading range period from 12/31/2010-12/31/2012. I will also divide growth and value stocks into ten portfolios, each with a gradient from aggressive growth to value trap. I use price to book to define growth and value; at the extreme a P/B ratio equal to or greater than seven will define aggressive growth and a P/B ratio less than one will define value trap. The portfolio will be rebalanced at the end of 2009, 2010, and 2011 to take into account changing price to book ratios over time.

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  Research exercise: An Inductive Approach toward Understanding the Legal Parameters of Student Speech Regarding Social Media Technology

  Curtis R. Nash

  The objective of this research is to explore and synthesize the seminal legal literature regarding student free speech within the context of social media technology in order to aid college administrators in the formation of student speech policy. There are numerous court decisions and legal casework regarding student free speech in schools. Additionally, many of these cases include student use of social media technology such as Facebook and Twitter. Further even, there are legal findings pertaining to free speech and social media technology within a higher education framework. This piece takes an inductive approach to understanding this legal phenomenon where specific examples and works of research are examined to form general knowledge of the legal parameters of student speech regarding social media technology. As college student use of social media technology becomes more prevalent on campuses, it is vital that the college administrators understand the legal boundaries of this emerging issue. This study will inform university administrators' understanding of the legal issues that they and their students face in order to create policy that protects those within the university and aids in the development of students.

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  Research exercise: An Introduction to Art, Culture and Spirituality: An Immersion Experience in Italy

  Cory Baker, Kaitlin E. Boyd, Nick T. Fry, Andrew D. Hentz, Benjamin R. Kasper, Eileen T. Klug, Elizabeth A. Morrison, Flor J. Ortega, Sarah Reynolds, Michael J. Ryan, Brittney N. Sanders, Rebecca E. Scheid, Jill M. Smith, Anthony M. Trifiletti, Rebecca E. Welch

  The Chaminade Scholar Exhibit is an integrated visual, audio and interactive experience sparking ones imagination for experiencing the wonder and beauty of Assisi and Rome, Italy. The exhibit represents elements of the Vocation and Arts class that explored art, culture and spirituality for deepening students appreciation for embracing ones vocation in life. The exhibit is a preliminary preparation for an immersion experience in Italy in May.

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  Research exercise: Assessing Appellate Courts' Definitions of Elements in Libel Law

  Daniel J. Cleveland, Sarah E. Devine, Meredith A. Whelchel

  How do appellate courts interpret the meaning of defamatory, harm and actual malice in libel cases involving the news media?

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  Research exercise: Bioassessment of Outfall Water of the Mad River as well as Its Effects Downriver Using Aquatic Insects As Indicators

  Kevin M. Sullivan

  There are several ways in which to determine the health of an aquatic ecosystem, and one of the ways is to gather and sample its insect population. Depending on the pollution tolerance an insect family has, its presence or lack thereof is an indication of healthy such an ecosystem is. Using this approach, we studied the health of outfall water approximately 1.5 miles from the Great Miami River. Over the course of the study, different habitats affected by the outfall water, as well as others up and downstream, were sampled on two different dates, and the samples were later identified by their family. The data indicated that the health of the outfall discharge was fairly poor, but that it did not affect the health of the Mad River downstream. Hypotheses for such findings may be due to the fact that the outfall is ephemeral in nature, impairing the ability for organisms to survive, and also lessening the output into the Mad River.

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  Research exercise: Child Abuse and the Internet

  Clare E. Gilligan, Mark D. Mehall, Amanda M. Pipik, Jessica K. Rutkousky, Alyssa C. Smith

  This poster presentation delves into the different aspects of child abuse, the psychological effects of child abuse and how abuse is perpetuated through the use of the internet. With the ever advancing technologies available in our society today, children are constantly being exposed to images and messages of a sexual content. This poses a significant problem because with the anonymity of the internet it becomes impossible to see the person behind the username. Our focus will be how both the child and the predator become involved through the internet by means of chat rooms, blogs, social media etc. We will examine the factors that lead children to participate in these internet interactions such as neglect in the home, low self-esteem and sexual exploration. We will also assess the factors that lead the predator to seek sexual relationships with children such as continuing the sexual abuse cycle and/or mental issues. By allowing children to have access to the internet, parents maybe putting their children at risk for sexual abuse. We suggest that parents restrict and monitor their children's activity on the internet. We also believe there should be stricter internet regulations countrywide in order to prevent predators from producing sexually explicit content children may potentially access.

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  Research exercise: Climate-Glacier Relationship of Retreating Alaskan Glaciers

  Elliott M. Mazur

  Portage, Whittier, Eklutna, as well as many other well-known 'tourism glaciers' in the vicinity of Anchorage, Alaska are known to have retreated in the past 20 years. This begs the question, 'what of the other lesser-known glaciers? Do they follow the same patterns and minimal glacier models?' Glaciers such as Byron, Leonard, Matanuska, Raven and Spencer may fit a minimal model. Information on Byron and Leonard is sparse, as both have become hanging glaciers. Other glaciers, such as Raven, are small enough to be deemed insignificant, yet may have information to give. Consequently our objective is to study at least five Alaskan glaciers and determine wide-ranging variability to changing regional climate. To do this we obtained field geo-location data and characterized glaciers based on the satellite imagery and climate reevaluation. Our results show that the glaciers in the region are retreating irrespective of their aspects, location and altitudinal variability. Moreover, our presentation establishes the strong climate-glacier relationship and defines retreating snowline patterns over the last few decades.

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  Research exercise: Comparing US Counter-insurgency Actions in the Philippines in 1950s and Vietnam in 1960s: Why did One Succeed and One Fail?

  Robert M. Emmett

  This topic is one of interest because in both the Philippines and Vietnam the United States gave assistance to the local government in fighting a communist insurgency. In addition, many of the key American counter-insurgency commanders involved in the Philippines later went on to play key roles in the counter-insurgency strategy in Vietnam. My research is going to look into the specific reasons why counter-insurgency was effective in the Philippines but later failed to be effective in Vietnam despite the similarity of the insurgencies and the same counter-insurgent command structure.

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  Research exercise: Contrasting Historic and Modern Day Slavery

  Timothy J. Kraft

  Slavery has been a part of almost every human civilization in world history. Historical examples date back to Egyptian cultures and Roman Cultures on up to Early America. Many believe that slavery ended with the Emancipation Proclamation but that is simply not the case. There upwards of 27 million or more people enslaved in our modern time. While there are indeed similarities to historical examples of slavery, there are actually many forms of slavery that contradict what most people are taught in their history classes. Certainly comparing plantation slavery to modern day sex slavery would be one prime example of the differences. This presentation will take examples like that and others to raise awareness of new types of slavery that exist around the globe.

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  Research exercise: Exploring the Sinc-Collocation Method for Solving the Integro-Differential Equation

  Han Li

  In this project we study the Sinc approximation method to solve a family of integral differential equations. First we will apply the Sinc-collocation method to solve the second order Fredholm integro-differential equation. Numerical results and examples demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of this method. Secondly, various types of integro-differential equations are solved by Sinc-collocation technique and the numerical results are compared, to explore the stability of this method.

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  Research exercise: Exposing Nike: Team Sweat

  Christine D. Cirillo, Lindsay M. Mudd, Margaret R. Wolpert

  Team Sweat is a committed campaign of Nike consumers, investors and workers who are fighting to expose the injustices within the Nike corporation. Nike's overseas manufacturing exploits workers in sweatshops and utilizes slave labor. The sweatshop workers are paid $1.25 per day and are subject to forced overtime, starvation wages and extreme poverty living conditions. Team Sweat is striving to create public awareness of the truth behind the Nike swoosh and are working to ensure a livable wage for all Nike workers around the world.

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  Research exercise: Facade Improvement Program - City of Dayton

  Ciarilis Colon, Alexander Ghilani, Kyle M. Hulthen, Morgan T. Mcnary

  Our team is working with the City of Dayton on the current project of improving four facades by providing design assistance in the areas of eligibility. In doing so, The University of Dayton Project Management Team is working with Ms. Amy Walbridge, a Project Administrator for the City of Dayton, to improve storefronts by implementing new signs, lighting, awnings, and landscape architecture. The project includes four unique buildings that are in need of ideas for storefront improvements. In collaboration with the local business owners, the team came to find that they don''''t have the resources or time to improve their storefronts. Over a three month time period the team will design two mock ups for each building including cut sheets, specifications, and cost estimates. There will be two mockups for each of the buildings because the University of Dayton Project Management Team will design one mock up that meets exact or close to what the store owners want and one mock up that includes the store owner''''s thoughts plus some of the teams own thoughts. Specifications will describe in detail what all goes into each mock up; lighting, awnings, signage, etc. and where things get placed along the storefront. The last thing, cost estimates, will list every new addition to the store and will tell us the budget needed overall to complete the project. During this process once the team has met with Amy and storeowners to discuss what is desired, eight perspective drawings will be implemented. With these eight drawings, an evaluation survey will be done to a selected group of random individuals. This survey will tell the team the top desired choice of appeal and prove to business owners that an improvement should be made. With these improvements, we hope that it encourages other restorations within the downtown area as well. The last step in the given time period is creating and delivering a final presentation for Ms. Walbridge. The team will present their final designs on each property, and the process that the team utilized, in order to put forth the desired needs to improve the facades.

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  Research exercise: Faculty Student Services Training: The Fourth Pillar of Faculty Life

  Frances M. Angerer, Curtis R. Nash

  There are three pillars of faculty life: research, teaching, and service. Faculty members are thus assessed in these three areas. If a faculty member is weak in one or more of these aspects, there are often seminars and training sessions to build skills. However, a fourth, pervasive pillar of faculty life often goes unmeasured and undeveloped. Students often come to faculty as gatekeepers of student services and resources. Faculty are trained as academic resources but not as student affairs professionals. Specifically, faculty of the Kettering College Physician Assistant (PA) Program have not been trained to have adequate knowledge of the services and resources offered to PA students. Kettering College is a Seventh Day Adventist higher education institution, which has offered a variety of allied health degrees since 1967. The PA program runs 27 months and offers a Master's degree. Each year, 40-45 students are accepted into the program. The program features intensive course work and out-of-class clinical work. Kettering College offers a wide variety of resources and services to students including: counseling, academic support, residential services, recreational opportunities, health and wellness programs, disability assistance, and student conduct. While student resources and services are plentiful, PA faculty are often at a loss to help students navigate the assistance that they need. In order to address this situation the presenters have created a training session and student services guidebook. Every summer, Kettering College PA faculty attend a week long (re)orientation. At this time, faculty will be introduced to the services offered to students and will receive training on when and how to refer students to the appropriate resource. Additionally, a guidebook will be given to faculty to use as a resource. The guidebook will provide information and protocols to aid faculty members as they liaison between students and student services.

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  Research exercise: Human Trafficking and Ohio

  Jonathan A. Kratz, Graham Lang, Jeff T. Nandor

  Human Trafficking is a widespread problem throughout the United States and across the globe, known by many as the modern-day slave trade. Many Americans are unaware of this issue and believe that after the Emancipation Proclamation slavery ceased to exist in the US. This, unfortunately, is not the fact, as there are more slaves today than at the height of the Atlantic Slave Trade. Along with this, Ohio specifically has become a large hub of the human trafficking process; Toledo is the fourth largest site for minor sex trafficking in the continental United States, ranking only behind Miami, Las Vegas, and Portland. Our project will examine the business of trafficking in persons in Ohio, as well as Ohio's role in international and national slave-trading. We will cover the basic processes involved in the acquisition, movement, and exploitation of slaves, as well as some current significant statistics on trafficking on local, national, and international levels.

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  Research exercise: Human Trafficking and Service Learning: Considering the Impact of Awareness-Raising Events on its Implementors and Audience

  Marcy A. Prendergast, Concetta M. Reda

  The gross concept of human trafficking can come as serious shock to any person who is not usually exposed to the rhetoric around human rights issues. When thinking about awareness-raising, activists are challenged to create material that caters to varying levels of interest and understanding towards the issue. Given this challenge we ask: how does giving witness to awareness-raising events impact the attitude and awareness of an audience and how does the process of planning and implementing awareness-raising events impact the awareness and attitudes of implementers. This poster will answer these questions using information gained through service learning experiences, individual interviews, observation and analysis in order to help educate its audience about the effectiveness of service learning experiences and awareness-raising events when educating others on human trafficking.

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  Research exercise: Human Trafficking: Where and How to buy fair trade products in Ohio.

  Shaneika Bolt

  This poster project will define and explain human trafficking and fair trade. It will also outline how people can buy affordable fair trade products in the Ohio area.