Stander Symposium Projects

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  Examination of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in SMF28E Coring and Nufern 1060XP Fibers and Identification of the Brillouin Threshold and the Brillouin Frequency

  Michael J. Mueller; other authors: David E. Zelmon, Said Elhamri, Imad Agha

  High power lasers are being used for an increasing number of applications in medicine, industry and the military. Increasing demands for high power, small size, and light weight have made the use of high-power fiber lasers a very attractive alternative to traditional solid state, gas, and chemical lasers. However, when operating at high power levels, fiber lasers are subject to nonlinear effects such as stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear optical effect in which light interacts with a propagated acoustic wave. The Brillouin thresholds and the Brillouin frequencies for the standard SMF28E and Nufern 1060XP fibers are identified.

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  Examining the Impact of Types of Mediums on Adults vs. Teens in Terms of Their Political Awareness

  Nolan Watson, Alicia Donley

  In today's digital age, the role of different types of mediums in shaping political awareness and engagement has become a subject of considerable interest and debate. With the expansion of various media platforms, including traditional news outlets, social media, and online forums, the ways in which individuals engage with and become aware of political information have undergone notable changes. However, scholars have long debated how different types of mediums affect different age groups, particularly when it comes to political awareness. This topic sparked our research interest as young adults are able to vote. Understanding how different types of media affect political awareness is critical in today's society, especially when individuals are bombarded with a variety of political messages from various sources. Previous research has shown that young people, in particular, are increasingly turning to social media and online forums for political information, while traditional media outlets such as television and newspapers remain popular among older adults. However, it is unclear how different types of mediums affect political awareness among different age groups. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the impact of various media platforms on adults' and teens' political awareness. By identifying the factors that influence political awareness across different age groups, this study seeks to provide insights that can promote greater political understanding and engagement.

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  Examining the Prevalence of Side-Effects and Their Impact on Patient Satisfaction in Antidepressants

  Erin Millhouse

  Psychiatric antidepressant medications are commonly prescribed to patients struggling with mental health disorders. While these drugs can be effective in treating symptoms, they often come with side-effects that can negatively impact a patient's quality of life. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of side-effects associated with various medications as well as overall patient satisfaction. Our sample included reviews from 891 patients who were prescribed one of four medications: Zoloft, Lexapro, Cymbalta, and Effexor. We narrowed it down to five side-effects that appeared to be more prevalent within the reviews: weight gain or loss, nausea, decreased libido, insomnia, and dry mouth. We have found that patients who reported experiencing any side-effects tended to have lower satisfaction ratings compared to those who did not. These findings highlight the importance of considering side effects when prescribing psychiatric medications and the need for further research in this area. It is important for clinicians to be aware of how these side-effects affect patient satisfaction in order to optimize treatment outcomes.

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  Examining University of Dayton Students' Lifestyle Choices to Assess Risk for Potential Type Two Diabetes Diagnoses

  Lily Taggart, Ethan Trumbull, Elijah Richter, Maria Wellmann, Elizabeth Lantz

  Type 2 diabetes has become a more widespread topic of discussion as a major public health risk; it has become increasingly prevalent across the United States and the average onset of this disease has lowered dramatically in the past decade. Type 2 diabetes is preventable, but chronic, and often a precursor for problems later in life such as Cardiovascular disease. College students are notorious for unhealthy lifestyle habits, specifically poor diet, exercise regime, and substance use. This study aims to determine risk factors of Type 2 diabetes in college students by examining the population of undergraduate students that attend the University of Dayton. In determining the potential risk factors in this young-adult population (age 18-21), the goal is to discover major risk factors early in life and make the information accessible for personal lifestyle changes to prevent Type 2 diabetes.

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  Experimental Investigation of Phase Change Materials in Solar Thermal Propulsion System

  Naga Sree Sumanvitha Vommina

  The main objective of this project is to investigate the performance of various Phase Change Materials as the Heat Exchange media in a solar thermal propulsion system. The secondary objective is to visualize and develop the solar thermal propulsion system by running various ground tests using a solar simulator as power source. In this system, the energy from solar light is concentrated into a small cavity through a parabolic reflector and is used to heat the PCM, which in turn heats the propellant and directs it through the nozzle to provide thrust adequate to travel in space. The prototype of the system is first designed using a CAD software and later fabricated into a bench scale model. The model is then set up in the laboratory and connected to the solar simulator. Tests will be conducted with various PCM’s to analyze the best suitable one for this system, i.e., the PCM that gives the best heat transfer from the cavity to the propellant while having a great heat storage capacity. Parameters which would be measured to analyze the same include the Melting point, latent heat of fusion, temperatures of propellant, etc.The project involves design, modelling and fabrication of a bench scale Solar Thermal Ferry that can be used to carry and deliver satellites to Moon or Mars’ orbit from LEO. PCM’s are essential for space travel since the solar energy needs to be stored for the spacecraft to successfully complete the interplanetary missions which consume time and fuel. Without the energy storage system, the spacecraft might need to use conventional fuel ignition systems, which cost money to manufacture and implement in the spacecraft. Moreover, this propulsion system is revolutionary since its only power source is the Sun, which can be simulated by the state-of-the-art solar simulator at the University of Dayton’s Thermodynamics lab.

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  Explicating the Relationship between Social Media and Offline Political Engagement among American Youths

  Rachel Young, Jacob Mantle

  The goal of our research is to explore the relationship between political media consumption and political activity among young people in the United States. Specifically, we are interested in examining the role of political media in shaping American young people’s perceptions of the importance of being politically involved. Political participation is essential to a functioning democracy. Discovering how young people’s consumption of political media impacts their perception of the importance of political involvement will provide insight into potential avenues for increasing political participation among young people. The distinction between civic and political activity is illustrated in the literature review. Despite the lack of research, we know political involvement contributes to a stable democracy. By focusing on how to accomplish this among young people, our research will provide practical solutions to ensure the functioning of American democracy for generations to come.Much of our research is focused on social media, particularly Facebook, because of its popularity and the role it has played in the last few presidential elections in the United States. Additionally, social media is prominent among young people with 84% of Americans ages 18-29 reporting they use at least one social media site (Pew Research Center, 2021). Through our secondary research using data collected from 1,228 Americans ages 16-29 (Vromen et al., 2013), we hope to discover what motivates young people, the future of our country, to become politically active.

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  Exploration of Methods for the Synthetic Pathway of Chiral Organophosphonates

  Jackson Shuman

  Numan and Brichacek developed a new method for the synthesis of chiral organophoshinates in 2021 with moderate yields and mediocre stereoselectivity. In their publication, they first generated isopropyl phenyl-H-phosphinate (i-Pr PhPHO) as a starting material by reaction of phenylphosphinic acid and liquid 2-propanol at high temperatures in a tightly sealed reaction vial. They reported yields of around 70-75%. However, when done in our lab, the yield was only 11% or less. Several attempts at improving yield centered around increases in temperature, but this ultimately made no changes in yield. Further research uncovered a different method for the synthesis of i-Pr PhPHO proposed by Afarinkia and Yu which utilizes alkyl chloroformates and phenylphosphinic acid. This new reaction yielded upwards of 90% product in our lab. It also takes far less time, requiring only 15 minutes to reflux compared to the 18 hours of the old method. The new method also has the benefit of being safer since it does not require heating a sealed-volume apparatus. We tested a new catalyst, HyperBTM, for its ability to create chiral organophosphinates using Numan’s protocol. Although very similar in structure to Numan’s catalyst (BTM), HyperBTM has an increased amount of steric bulk and slightly larger ring size that we envisioned would be more selective in the reaction. We found that the use of HyperBTM results in trace yields of the desired product. Enantiomeric excess was undetermined due to suspected degradation of the compound during HPLC through a chiral column. An alternative strategy is currently underway that combines BTM with various transition metals to form a cooperative bifunctional catalytic approach that we envision will have greater success.

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  Exploring a Mathematical Model of Crime Dynamics Including Media Coverage and the Police Force

  Adin Stoller, Timothy Parson, Henry Stiles

  In this project, MATLAB was used to analyze the model presented in the paper Mathematical Model Analysis of Crime Dynamics Incorporating Media Coverage and Police Force. The Runge Kutta methods of order two and four are implemented. We used the built in functions Ode45, Ode23, and Ode113 to approximate the solution of the model, as well as compare the accuracy. As a pathway to discovery, the initial conditions and differential equations were altered to further improve the accuracy of the model by more accurately reflecting real world conditions. Furthermore, Euler’s Method was utilized and compared to the Runge Kutta method used in ‘ode’ functions to further demonstrate the accuracy of the Runge Kutta method.

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  Exploring Engaging Opportunities for Professional Development with First-Generation College Students

  Seth Jones

  Professional development opportunities are important for college students to help them advance personally and professionally. It is often difficult for first-generation college students to be aware of these opportunities due to the additional pressures and expectations for this demographic of students. The purpose of this study is to explore the professional development that first-generation college students receive. Using interviews with current first-generation undergraduate students, results showed that first-generation college students were not as aware of professional development opportunities as their non-first-generation peers. Implications from this study can inform practices to assist first-generation college students with intentional professional development opportunities aimed at building their cultural capital and helping prepare them for their post-collegiate experience.

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  Exploring methods to forecast the intensity scintillation in free space optical communication using a deep learning approach

  Mohammad Albaqer Hammid Jwaid Al Ghezi

  Free space optical communication (FSO) is an essential technology that uses optical bandwidthto transmit data through the air, it can transmit up to 2.5Gbps through a secure channel.However, there are several challenges an FSO channel encounters, one of which isatmospheric turbulence. Atmospheric turbulence can degrade the optical signal due to effects,such as intensity scintillation and beam wandering. The scintillation index is an often-usedmetric measuring the normalized intensity variance. It can be measured using a scintillometer.However, it is not possible to measure the scintillation index in all locations and at all times.In this work, a machine learning algorithm has been optimized to forecast the scintillation index.Meteorological data, such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed, is obtained togetherwith the scintillation index at an experiment along a 7 km propagation path in Dayton, OH. Thedata is divided into four equal parts corresponding to the four seasons and the data in eachseason is divided into training and validation data. Long-short-term memory (LSTM) modelshave been optimized and tuned to forecast the scintillation index. The mean absolute error(MAE) is used to compare the predicted scintillation index with the measured scintillation indexand the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer is used to update the trainableparameters to fit the scintillation. The training process is performed with different LSTM modelson the training data for each season and the performance of the model is measured using thevalidation data for the corresponding season. The LSTM model predicts the scintillation indexwith weighted average MAE around 0.07 for all seasons.

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  Exploring Negotiators' Perceptions of Communication Techniques and Training in Hostage Negotiation

  Emma Blair

  Crisis/hostage negotiation involves specialized communication, techniques, and training to peacefully end hostage/barricade situations. Limited research has shed light on power, rapport, and verbal matching techniques. Further research from the perspective of the negotiator is needed to explore the application between training and implementation in actual cases. Using a phenomenological approach this study aims to understand what perceptions are held by law enforcement negotiators regarding negotiation tactics and training in a midwestern state. The sample includes four semi-structured interviews of hostage negotiators who have handled crisis/hostage negotiations. Initial coding, thematic analysis, and memoing were used when coding and examining the data. The themes that emerged during data analysis were ‘law enforcement interaction and procedure’, ‘training options and benefits’, ‘conversational skills and demeanor’, and ‘empathy and relationship building’. Negotiators showed enthusiasm for the current training options. Emphasis was placed on the importance of building rapport in negotiations, using Active Listening Skills, and engaging in scenario/roleplay training. Findings and recommendations will be discussed.

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  Exploring the Ethics of “Sharenting”

  Brooke Baker

  “Sharenting” is the rather new phenomenon of parents sharing pictures or videos of their children on social media. This trend has amassed popularity in the digital age, especially with the rise of new social media apps such as Tik Tok. There are more apps than ever to post on. Consequently, parents divulge personal information about their children such as how they look and what they like to do when posting them online. This information helps to shape their digital personas sometimes, long before they decide whether or not to have an online presence. This case study takes a deep dive into the “sharenting” story of 3-year-old Tik Tok star Wren Elenor along with her mom, Jacqueline, and some of the ethical questions related to privacy and autonomy that this story poses.

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  Exploring the Mental Health Crisis among Division I College Athletes

  Nicholas Deluca, Stephanie Joseph, Audrey Scanlon, Andrew Okon, Amanda Gurskis, Olivia Newmark

  The goal of this research project was to explore the mental health crisis among Division I college athletes. We looked to better understand how college athletes try to manage anxiety and depression while also balancing academics and athletics here at the University of Dayton.

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  Exploring the Relationship Between Treatment While Being Incarcerated and Recidivism in Virginia Juvenile Facilities

  Beth Lewandowski, Riley Stamm

  This study aims to identify significant variables that relate to juveniles, recidivism, and substance use. The goal is to uncover if substance abuse programs will aid juveniles in escaping the criminal justice system. Juveniles were chosen to be studied because, due to their young age, they are more susceptible to the effects of incarceration and, in turn, more likely to recidivate. This study will run a longitudinal analysis on the sample population of 818 male juveniles in Virginia who were between the ages of 11-18 and serving a sentence of 6-18 months. 406 of these juveniles were held in the Barrett Treatment Program during their incarceration, while the 412 male juveniles were held in a traditional facility. Linear and binary logistic regression will be run on the independent variables in order to see if they have any significance to the four variables of recidivism.

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  Faces of Faith: Monastic Identity and Protestant Theology in the Swiss Reformation

  Kevin O'Gorman

  Religious Orders were ever-present in medieval life. Their influence was not limited just to the pulpit or the physical area around monasteries but extended into the daily life of entire kingdoms. Each religious community was unique in the interpretation and expression of its rule of life, both between and within Orders. Religious communities faced pressure from newly converted Protestant authorities alongside theological conversations within their own walls. The new Protestants carried with them an anti-monastic theology that challenged religious communities to reexamine their lives fundamentally. Nowhere were these choices as complicated as in Switzerland, where monks and nuns encountered Lutheran, Zwinglian, Anabaptist, and Reformed theology. I argue that these encounters occurred in conversation with the spiritual traditions of their respective orders, both in those who remained in or left their vows. I specifically look at the first-hand accounts and manuscripts of Swiss Franciscans and Benedictines and place their words in the context of their respective Rule and spiritual traditions. I found that religious that remained Catholic more explicitly expressed their particular spirituality when encountering Protestant theology, while religious that left the habit saw their new beliefs as a different expression, or even a fulfillment, of their original vows. Current historiographical approaches to religious orders in the early Reformation deemphasize individual communities, seeing their interactions with Protestant theology defined by their geography or political status. This paper seeks to approach the Reformation through the lived spiritual experience of religious and recognize the impact their monastic lives had on their decisions.

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  Facial Gesture Recognition for User Authentication

  Ishwar Sandip Jadhav

  Do you know the feeling when you go out and realize you left your phone at home? Yes, this feeling is uneasy. Our mobile device these days are more than just a tool for communication, it has a lot of serious data and personal information, such as contacts, emails, photos, and passwords that can put our privacy at risk. A modern security feature like FaceID though prominent is not sufficient to safeguard our data. “For instance, Security researchers attending the annual Black Hat hacker convention in Las Vegas have managed to bypass the iPhone FaceID user authentication in just 120 seconds. These researchers were able to demonstrate that they could bypass the FaceID user authentication and access the iPhone of the victim in less than 120 seconds. To do so, they needed three things: a pair of spectacles, some tape, and a sleeping or unconscious iPhone user”. Therefore, in this project we would like to develop a secure user authentication via facial expression analysis.II. Methods Using facial landmark point detection, facial gesture recognition involves collecting a dataset of facial gesture images or videos, pre-processing the data by identifying and extracting facial landmarks, and extracting features for recognition. A machine learning model then is trained, its performance is evaluated, it is integrated into an authentication system, potential security risks have been considered, and user testing is done. The facial landmark detection and feature extraction method such as MediaPipe is effective and reliable. Key facial features are identified and extracted as part of the approach to produce relevant features for recognition. These characteristics are used to train a machine-learning model to differentiate between genuine and fake facial motions. The user is prompted to make a particular gesture, which the system compares to the trained model to confirm their identity, spoof-blocking methods and potential security theft.III. Significance When paired with facial recognition technology, facial gesture recognition is a promising technique that can offer additional benefits for unlocking mobile devices. Asking the user to make a specific facial gesture in addition to face recognition, adds an extra layer of security and can assist prevent unauthorized access to the device. Also, instead of inputting passcodes or utilizing fingerprint scanners, face movements can unlock a smartphone more quickly and conveniently. Facial gesture recognition can also increase accessibility for people who find entering a passcode or using a fingerprint scanner challenging. Last but not least, it can provide a pleasant and unique user experience by letting users select memorable or meaningful actions that increase a sense of ownership.

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  Faith & Foliage

  William Hach, Kieran Winthrop, Thomas Skiba

  This project is a literature review on several articles about the intersection between religious beliefs and opinions on nature and sustainability. Our findings include the fact that there is a very wide and notable gap between the environmental practices of eastern and western religions, and that all religion as a whole leads to more environmentally conscious beliefs. We also found that these practices go back to very old civilizations and the connection is not recent.

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  Faith Identity: Exploring the Lives of Non-Christian Students at a Private, Religiously-Based University

  Daniel Wilson

  High sense of belonging in college is linked with higher academic and social success for students. Defined as social support and connectedness, belonging is seen to be lower in the minority groups on campus, such as those that do not identify as White, heterosexual, and Christian. The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experiences of non-Christian students at a private, Catholic university to find how they develop a sense of belonging at an institution that does not align with their own identities. This study includes qualitative data from 10 interviews with undergraduate, non-Christian identifying students at the University of Dayton. Findings suggest that a need for greater representation of alternate faiths, some mental or emotional strain on students as a result of non-conformity, and a reliance on other identities to build connections. Insights from this study can help inform religious diversity professionals at private, Catholic universities to build better, more creative ways to include the non-dominant student group into the community of the institution.

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  Feeding Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants Following Implementation of Probiotics in a Tertiary NICU

  Elinor Tighe

  This study aims to compare the outcomes of very preterm infants pre- and post-implementation of a probiotic protocol using Lactobacillus reuteri with the goal to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and improve feeding outcomes. There is currently debate among neonatologists on whether the practice is both feasible and safe, and this study aimes to prove that the practice is not only feasible and safe but also beneficial. This research was conducted for BIO 421 in Dr. Amy Hair's Lab at Texas Children's Hospital.

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  Female Xiphophorus maculatus Body Size Influence on Male Mate Choice

  Emily Berkshire, Allyson Allen, Brian Rapp, Keifer Clark

  Mate choice among animals in the wild is one of the strongest drivers of evolution due to the opportunity to make their offspring more fit for the environment. Individuals will often choose mates that physically reflect good health such as having a larger body size, vibrant coloration, and higher levels of activity. Researching the drivers of sexual selection is critical for understanding how certain physiological traits are carried on through generations. In sunburst platys (Xiphophorus maculatus), males will reflect specific mate-choice behavior when given two females that possess differences in these traits. Our research aims to investigate how body size in sunburst platys influences sexual selection and consequently gets naturally selected for over time. We hypothesized that male sunburst platys will consistently prefer females that express higher physical fitness in the form of larger body size. When looking at body size differences, we found that males do tend to display more overall mating behavior towards larger females over smaller females. When looking at each of the three individual behaviors separately, though, only the amount of darting behaviors were significant while the amount of following and biting behaviors by the male did not differ significantly between the large and small females.

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  Feminism in the 21st Century: Reflections on a Women's and Gender Studies Education

  Hannah Kessler, Katie Brinkley, Miles Gaier, Kinsleigh Jones, Eden Michelson

  The politicization of issues related to gender and sexuality has increased tremendously in recent years. Trans inclusion in education, reproductive justice, and LGBTQ+ rights -- to name just a few -- sit at the crosshairs of the so-called "culture wars." Many of these issues are weaponized by covert rightwing social movements, and the terms of public debates are often neither data-driven nor human-centered. Moreover, the fall-out from such hyper-visibility and regressive public policies disproportionately impacts people of color, disabled persons, undocumented migrants, and poor folks, among other marginalized groups. A feminist analysis offers some important theoretical tools with which to make sense of these contemporary dynamics. In this panel, upper-level students in the Women's and Gender Studies Program engage in dialogue about how they see the world and where they see fruitful feminist interventions moving forward. They also reflect on what their Women's and Gender Studies education has meant to them over their undergraduate career. As youth on the frontlines, they offer a unique perspective for how to do better in the coming decades. This panel will be dialogue-based and will engage with the audience.

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  Finding Home in the House of God

  Retaj H.A.H. Alashwak, Kathleen Crump, Quinton Smole, Daniel Mazza, Connor Dilworth

  This project is a literature review focusing on religions and the issue of homelessness and poverty. Our findings include the impact of religion and spirituality on people’s experiences with homelessness and poverty including both homeless and non-homeless individuals, the resources religious organizations can give and provide to those experiencing homelessness and poverty, and the understanding of common good through a diversity of religious beliefs.

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  Fire Alarm

  Shiva Krishna Chennaram

  I used flame sensor in my all labs of this course. when the sensor detects the flame, immediately the alarm (buzzer) goes ON. Here in my final project, I want to implement an important feature i.e., the user panel will tell the user exactly where the flame is detected like example: Flame Detected in kitchen or Bedroom1 or Hallway.

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  Fire Detection Sensor

  Vinay Kumar Muniganti

  ABSTRACT : Many studies and investigations have been conducted in the recent years in an effort to strengthen security measures and raise the degree of protection they provide in a variety of contexts. One of the main issues that security must address is the possibility of a fire outbreak, which can occur anywhere, including homes, schools, factories, and a variety of other locations. To prevent this from happening or to lessen the damage caused by a fire outbreak, IOT technology is used to manage this type of risk. A modern system known as the Internet of Things (IoT) is made up of sensors and switches that are connected to a gateway. As part of this project, we'll utilize an Arduino device and a temperature sensor known as a "flame sensor" to detect the onset of a fire and gauge its severity.

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  Flame Alert

  Sudharani Aerupula

  Here in this project Iam going to implement a feature for getting an alert to our personal devices when the fire is detected in office or factory. so that we can take an action immediately to avoid the loss and damage. In the same way the alert can be sent to fire department if the situation is critical that we cannot handle. The reason am doing this project is because, in my last labs I used flame sensor, where I got more interest and wanted to implement some more extent.