Title

Ignition Characteristics of a Bio-derived Class of Saturated and Unsaturated Furans for Engine Applications

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2015

Publication Source

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

Abstract

Ignition characteristics in the form of derived cetane numbers (DCN) of (hydro) furanic species are investigated experimentally in an Ignition Quality Tester. Further, quantum chemistry calculations at CBS-QB3 level of theory are applied to determine bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and thereby suggest the initial reactions of the ignition process for all of these fuels. Using the calculated BDEs, it is found that the ignition characteristics are similar among furans and among tetrahydrofurans, but strongly differ between these molecular classes. It is shown that the ignition behavior of aromatic furans is determined by the ring structure, which correlates with a negligible side chain influence. Hence, furan fuel structures can be chosen with respect to feasibility of the production pathways and engine compatibility. On the contrary, the side chain length for tetrahydrofurans defines the potential application paradigm. Tetrahydrofurans with short side chains are candidates for SI application, whereas 2-butyltetrahydrofuran may be a candidate for diesel application. The influence of the number and location of double bonds in the ring is illustrated with the additional study of dihydrofurans, and the influence of other functional groups is evaluated for (tetrahydro) furfuryl alcohols.

To investigate possible fuel application scenarios, a second part of this study investigates DCNs of furanic fuel blends in n-heptane and diesel fuel. A DCN mixing rule is found to be approximately linear and for blends with up to 20 mol% furans, the side chain structure (alkyl, alcohol) has no distinct influence on the blend DCN.

Inclusive pages

2957-2965

ISBN/ISSN

1540-7489

Comments

Permission documentation on file.

Publisher

Elsevier

Volume

35

Issue

3

Peer Reviewed

yes

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