Stander Symposium: Projects with UN Sustainable Development Goals

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Propionate Alters Macrophage Morphology and Migration

Laura Marie Hobbs

Propionate is a short chain fatty acid found in our gut and used as a food preservative. Macrophages are a type of phagocytic immune cell that act as a first line of defense against pathogens. Propionate has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects in many cell types, including macrophages. However, the impact of propionate on macrophage morphology is still not fully understood. Therefore, I seek to establish the effect of propionate on macrophage morphology and migration. RAW.264.7 macrophages were treated with IFN-γ and LPS (to simulate infection) and varying concentrations of propionate. Microscopy images were analyzed with ImageJ to determine the length to width ratio of the cells under different treatments. Microfluidic devices were used to assess migration. Nitric oxide production was determined by measuring extracellular nitrite. As low as 1 mM propionate treatment for 3 hours was sufficient to significantly increase the length to width ratios of both naïve and activated macrophages. However, 3 hour propionate treatment at up to 10 mM did not affect nitrite concentration. Overnight propionate treatment as low as 1 mM significantly reduced nitrite concentration in activated macrophages. Overnight 10 mM propionate treatment enhanced migration of both naïve and activated macrophages. These results suggest propionate alters macrophage morphology and potentially alter activation state.
Proposal for a Campus Mural: "This Is Dayton"

Lee Magoto, Shane Fitzpatrick, Michael Largay, Audrey Smith

Kenneth Burke was an American rhetorical theorist known for his methods of breaking down and defining facets of life, including religion. One of Burke's theories pinpoints elements of a scene and why it occurred. Students make a case for a new mural featuring components of UD's culture.
Psychiatric Emergencies and Mental Health Resources

Bailey Michael Cox, Samuel J. Shroder

The University of Dayton Emergency Medical Services (UD EMS) strives to serve the students, faculty, staff, and visitors to the University. A portion of the training involves learning how to manage and assist those experiencing a mental health crisis. This study looks at the number of psychiatric emergencies that UD EMS receives on campus. Previous studies show that those psychiatric emergencies are very common among college students (Pedrelli, 2015. College students are being increasingly diagnosed with anxiety and depression than in previous years (Mcalpine, 2021. Our findings show that there is an increased number of calls during the months of November, December, January, and February. Oftentimes, the calls are related to suicidal ideations and/or suicide attempts. This study analyzes the type of calls relating to suicidal ideations and suicide attempts over the previous five years in the UD EMS’s chart database. In addition, the training used by UD EMS was evaluated to see in what ways the resources provided during these types of calls can be reformatted or altered to improve the outcomes of these emergencies. The poster will review training opportunities throughout the campus to show what resources and training are available to individuals who would like to learn more about how to properly handle mental health emergencies. This poster will also look to improve the mental health resources available on campus by assessing the need and resources already in place.
Race Depicted in Children's Literature

Shaina C. Dawson

The purpose of this study is to analyze children's literature and how race is depicted to developing children. The study begins with a description of ethnic racial socialization and the ways in which parents teach their children about race. Next is a brief description of the history of children's literature and how books can be used to teach children about race and other identities. Using content analysis, I analyze some of the most popular pieces of children's literature to address the frequency of racial diversity discussed as well as how minority races are depicted. Finally, this research concludes with a discussion of the importance of ethical teaching during the developmental years and suggestions for expanding racial representation in children’s literature.
Racial Disparities in Healthcare Among Diabetes Patients

Cara Elizabeth McGlone, Adam D. Moorman, Dorothy Kelsey Seabrook

Access to quality medical care can be difficult for many racial and ethnic groups for several social determinants, namely due to racial or ethnic discrimination. According to the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 37.3 million people in the United States are affected by diabetes, which is about 11.3 percent of the population. The breakdown of racial and ethnic groups diagnosed with diabetes is as follows: Alaskan Native/American Indian (15.1%), Asian (8.0%), Hispanic (12.7%), Black (12.1%), and only 7.4 percent of diagnosed American adults are non-Hispanic white. This means that the vast majority of those who have diabetes are people of color, which is why discussing the racial disparities in care is essential. There are many complications that can occur if diabetes goes untreated, including kidney and eye damage. It is important for the individual to take steps to keep good health, with their diet and lifestyle, however, that is not to ignore all of the social factors that prevent this. Additionally, there is a disparity in the treatment of patients of color with diabetes. According to a study published in MedCare, people who reported discrimination in care received significantly lower quality of care for their diabetes. Moreover, African Americans were calculated to have 40% of the odds of having an appropriate number of primary care visits for diabetes in comparison to Caucasians. Not only have people of color experienced higher rates of diabetes, but also experience significantly less appropriate care for this disease due to multiple factors.
Racial Representation of Long-Standing Broadway Shows

Emily Melissa Foppe

This poster will show a glimpse into the racial representation of Broadway Musicals. It will compare the original casting and most recent casting of shows running longer than "10 years". Some shows included in this research are “King and I”, “Miss Saigon”, and “Wicked”. Major differences between main and ensemble cast will be highlighted. This will be done in order to show whether representation is for the common good or just for the facade of being diverse. This research is intended to show the changes, or lack thereof, in the representation of race in the production of Broadway shows.
Rage Against American Imperialism and Corporate America

Logan Thomas Groff

My poster is about American imperialism and the genocide of Indigenous peoples, the Vietnam war, the use of an atomic bomb on Japan, and the crisis in Russia and Ukraine. My poster will demonstrate how the band Rage Against the Machine speaks out against imperialism in their music, including American Imperialism. In the song "Freedom," Rage Against the Machine appeals for the common good through their music and discusses how America is only interested in profiting a wealthy class and being a country at war while the U.S. government, the media, and corporations convince Americans they have “freedom”. In their song “Bulls on Parade”, the group speaks out against the U.S military and their aggressive acts. The arms industry in our country focuses on creating destructive weapons but they don’t worry about feeding and providing basic human rights for the poor. Instead, America is feeding war, not the people. My poster will feature a close reading of the band's lyrics and their impact on the culture.
Reinforcement Learning in the MiniHack Learning Environment

Ian M. Cannon

Reinforcement Learning is a branch of machine learning in which a computer agent receives rewards for interacting with its environment by being given observations, formulating actions, and taking those actions in the environment. Reinforcement Learning has been used to exceed human performance in game-like environments from Checkers to Go to DoTA2. Many of these achievements were hard-fought by overcoming challenges in each environment individually. NetHack is a challenging game that makes an excellent Reinforcement Learning environment for its combinations of broad action and observation space with sparse rewards and general difficulty. In this work, we investigate reinforcement learning methods in MiniHack which is a mini version of NetHack. We will introduce challenges of the difficult game of NetHack and explain how MiniHack can break up this large environment into smaller, composeable, more tractable mini-environments. We have used this environment to solve challenging problems in Reinforcement Learning and will talk through these challenges and what we have done to overcome them.
Religious Rhetoric at University of Dayton

Cole Joseph Abell, Aidan Scott Andra, Joseph Glynn Beischel, Maddalena L. Boyer, Katherine G. Brothers, Alyssa Marie Cacini, William J. Clark, Matthew Jeffrey Coath, Claire Elyse Constantino, Marissa A. Coon, Kyle Thomas Cullen, Catherine Maryann Doyle, Ella M. Doyle, Calli Marie Fenik, Shane Fitzpatrick, Liza beth Florczak, Kevin james Formato, John Gerard Francis, Grace K. Fuller, Samuel Paul Gootee, Thanh H. Ha, Michael J. Harmening, Sarah Jane Harper, Emma Nicole Harry, Elizabeth Bernadette Harvey, Peder W. Harvey, Kathryn Mary Hehn, James Treat Huff, Daniel P. Hughes, Kyra Leigh Hughes, George Arthur Icart, Charles Cooper Jones, Grace Marie Kennedy, Kieran M. Kilbride, Bryan Dolan Kingsley, Michael Fitzsimons Largay, Jack Thomas Lisle, Clare Margaret Loesch, Maeve Fitzsimmons Madden, Lee Henry Magoto, Claire B. Mahoney, Mark Liam Mahoney, Brandon Thomas Hadley Manz, Grace Ann McGinley, Luke Collin Meissner, Andrew Charles Moyer, Madeline Nagy, Brian Patrick O'Neill, Zinaejah D. Ozier, Daniel J. Peters, Carson A. Rhoades, Colin P. Riordan, Karly J. Ruzicka, Samuel Anthony Schadek, Collin Timothy Schmid, Audrey Michelle Smith, Peter Spesia, Morgan K. Steinkamp, Katherine Marie Sullivan, Paige Elizabeth Wavrek, Isabelle C. Wolford, Erin F. Zielsdorf

Students from CMM 357 Religious Rhetoric will present their rhetorical analyses of religious images on campus, both those that currently exist and some that they propose to be added to our landscape. Projects include:
Replacing Color-Blind Casting with Color-Conscious Casting: A New Roadmap to Diversity in Performing Arts

Khalid Abdulaziz N. Alqahtani

The American theatre and film industry has suffered from institutional racism where practices such as whitewashing were common. Beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, the term color-blind casting emerged to supposedly make theatre and film more inclusive and welcoming to people of all ethnicities. However, color-blind casting has done more harm to marginalized communities by disregarding their historical experiences and oppression. Therefore, instead of encouraging color-blind casting in performing arts, the industry should move towards color-conscious casting, a casting technique in which actors’ ethnicities and historical experiences are taken into consideration. The poster will demonstrate the negative aspects of color-blind casting including unequal pay, unacknowledgement of historical racism, and the oppression of actors of color. My poster will present color-conscious casting as the future-thinking roadmap for diversity by acknowledging the role of race in an inclusive performing arts industry. Sources include Johnny Depp's Lone Ranger and Alec Guinness as Prince Faisal.
Resolving the gene regulatory network for a fruit fly pigmentation trait whose modification underlies climate-driven phenotypic variation

Jenna Rose Rock, Corinne R. Stone

Species are in the midst of surviving changing climates that require ancestral trait phenotypes to convert to derived states better adapted to the present conditions. Adaptations can occur through genetic differences, raising questions how such differences translate into phenotypic change. A prerequisite to answering these evolutionary questions is to understand the genetic basis for trait development. Inanimals, traits are made by developmental programs known as gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that are hardwired in genomic DNA sequence. Each GRN includes a fraction of the genes within an organism’s genome, notably some that encode transcription factors that regulate the expression of the trait-making differentiation genes. This regulation occurs by certain transcription factors interacting with short DNA sequences, called binding sites, in gene regions known as cis-regulatory elements (CREs). For any CRE, its ability to activate gene expression in specific cell types and developmental times is due to the binding sites it possesses for a particular combination of transcription factors. To date, a GRN for a climate adapted trait has not been resolved. Thus, understanding how GRNs and their genes and CRE constituents facilitate or stymie adaptation remains speculative. Here, we share results from a collaborative research project to resolve the GRN responsible for a pigmentation pattern on the abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Preliminary work identified most of the transcription factor genes for this GRN, though the connections between transcription factors and CRE binding sites remain largely unknown. By using genetic, bioinformatic, and microscopy approaches, we continue to resolve the important connections that orchestrate this GRN’s operation.Success in the pursuit will open future research opportunities to reveal how this GRN has been reformulated to deal with differing climates, findings that bear upon the genetic underpinnings of animal adaptations more broadly.
River Stewards 2022 Cohort: Equitable Park Infrastructure in Dayton

Abigail Bruns, Mackenzie Martin, Grace Oldfield, Emerson Phares, Laura Wilker

The 2022 Cohort of the University of Dayton River Stewards partnered with two urban neighborhoods over a year and a half and initiated a discussion about equitable park infrastructure in the City of Dayton. This project investigates the factors influencing park equity in Dayton such as redlining, funding, city planning, and community outreach efforts. As a way to specifically impact park equity, this cohort will facilitate the installation of two drinking water fountains in Cleveland Park and Highland Park. This project addresses the community's need for accessible and safe drinking water while in the parks ann will impact over fourteen thousand City of Dayton citizens residing in the Linden Heights and Walnut Hills neighborhoods. These drinking water fountains will provide safe drinking water for community members while also fostering a pride of place in their neighborhoods and promoting education on the Great Miami River watershed and Buried Valley Aquifer. This project will outline our community engagement principles, the planning process, project goals and outcomes, as well as include basic information on the Dayton watershed and parks in Dayton. We hope this presentation will start conversations about addressing aspects of inequity found in various Dayton parks, especially regarding access to drinking water fountains. Water is a fundamental necessity for life and it is important that all residents of the City of Dayton have access to clean, safe and fresh water as well as understand the significance of Dayton’s water resources.
Roberson’s Law Scheduling and Messaging System Update

Grant Alexander Dyer, Justin Gleason, Kyle Michael Harper, Mary E. Krooner

Roberson Law is in need of a new program that offers a variety of different features. These features include scheduling, messaging, appointment reminders and the ability to have all these aspects on your phone in a cell phone application. Currently, they use a system called Phoneslips to manage these aspects of their business. Roberson Law feels that this current system does not meet their needs anymore as they have grown their business tremendously. Our objective is to implement a new system that meets their needs of scheduling, messaging, reminders, and phone accessibility by April of 2022. Roberson Law would like to have an idea of what the solution will be by January of 2022 in the hopes that all their data will be able to transfer over to the new system.
Role of M1BP, a transcriptional pausing transcription factor in JNK-mediated cell death during eye development

Anuradha Chimata Venkatakrishnan, Hannah paige Darnell

In all multicellular organisms, transcriptional regulation is crucial to regulate differential gene expression, which is important during development and growth. Transcriptional pausing is one such mechanism used to control gene expression. Recently, we have shown that M1BP, a transcriptional pausing transcription factor, promotes eye development by suppressing wingless (wg) expression. We also showed that M1BP regulates caspase-mediated cell death that is triggered by wg induction. M1BP is a functional homolog of ZKSCAN3, an autophagy repressor in humans. Jun-amino-terminal-(NH2)-Kinase (JNK) signaling is a pro-death pathway that is also known to activate caspase-mediated cell death. We hypothesized that M1BP could have a role in mediating cell death via JNK signaling during eye development. We used the Drosophila melanogaster model to study the role of JNK signaling during M1BP mediated eye suppression. Using the GAL4-UAS system, we modulated JNK signaling components along with downregulating M1BPRNAi. We present data that shows that the absence of M1BPRNAi results in activation of autophagic marker and JNK signaling. We show that activation of JNK signaling enhances M1BPRNAi phenotype and downregulation of JNK signaling rescues the M1BPRNAi phenotype of no eye. We also show that loss of M1BPRNAi in addition to blocking cell death and autophagy resulted in a rescue of the M1BPRNAi no eye phenotype.
Room temperature Photoluminescence of Bulk Ge and Ge_(1-x) Sn_x for Different Sn Concentration

Vijay Amir Gregory

Silicon (Si) integrated photonic devices have been the subject of much interest. However, the limitations of Si prevent it from being used as an efficient light source or detector. It has been shown that Ge with its indirect bandgap energy being close to the direct valley, can be band engineered to achieve optical gain by alloying it with Sn. However, the defect states that arise from the lattice mismatch between Ge and Sn can result in high dark current and low signal to noise ratio in detectors, as well as low gain in lasers. Currently, at AFRL, methods are being implemented to grow GeSn on Si with good crystal qualities. In this research, the optical properties of Ge and its alloys, GeSn are studied for different concentrations of Sn. The photoluminescence of bulk Ge and Ge_(1-x) Sn_x will be studied using a diffraction grating spectrometer and a 980nm pump laser. The results will show the benefits of the proposed growth techniques in producing high quality Ge_(1-x) Sn_x thin films that could lead to significant technological developments.
RSM US LLP Cross Functional Sales Trend Analysis

Brandon W. Bagley, Jeffrey Allen Banis, Caroline Lourdes Bechert, Alec Jon Biedenharn

Historical sales analysis and data visualization to identify potential cross service line sales and growth opportunities
Second Language Learning Motivation and Investment in Warscapes: A Case Study of Successful English Learners from Afghanistan

Brittany Noel Antoon

A significant body of scholarship exists on second language (L2) learning investment and strategies within the classroom, yet considerations for successful L2 learners in fragile contexts with limited formal education are conspicuously absent from literature. This article explores enabling factors of successful L2 learning in the particular warscape (Korf et al., 2010) of Afghanistan within the sociological framework of investment (Norton, 1995) and psychological framework of motivation (Garner & Lambert, 1972). The researcher surveyed and interviewed U.S.-based individuals from Afghanistan who acquired English proficiency there. Results indicate participants were able to overcome barriers to formal education through independent study and family advocacy and achieve high levels of proficiency despite little to no formal language instruction. The article discusses participants’ motivation and social positioning with respect to English language learning in light of Norton’s framework of investment, as well as possible implications for aid agencies serving regions in conflict.
Seeds, Squirrels, and Students: how human disturbance can affect rates of seed consumption

Mira Brese Holifield, Catherine G. Landry, Juliana Marie Vollmer

Seed consumption by animals is an important source of energy in the food web, as well as a mechanism used by plants for dispersal. The goal of this study was to look at seed consumption by animals in the Dayton area such as birds and squirrels and see if the consumption is affected by human disturbance. The two different areas we focused on differed in the amount of daily human activity. The two locations were the Environmental Research Area and around the University of Dayton campus. The Environmental Research Area (ERA) was considered to be low-traffic, while the University of Dayton campus had high traffic. We selected five locations at each site and placed trays with a set number of sunflower seeds. Every couple days we counted the remaining seeds in the trays and then refilled them to determine the rate of seed consumption. Our preliminary results find that there is a general difference in rate of seed consumption between the high traffic and low traffic areas. Greater implications of these findings suggest that human activity can affect where local animals source their food.
Serenity Pines and Burke’s Pentad

Kyle Cullen, Kate Doyle, Erin Zielsdorf

Burke’s Pentad is a rhetorical perspective that allows us to notice all elements of a scene and provokes thought on what caused an action to take place. The five elements are act, agent, agency, purpose, and scene. Serenity Pines was dedicated in October 2001 in memory of former administrator Joe Belle. During his time at UD, he hoped for a place of serenity and reflection for students to visit.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - non-structural protein 3 suppresses the pro-inflammatory cytokines in host cell

Ryan Jamison Nelson

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with genome size ~30 Kb. SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes 13–15 open reading frames (ORFs). Among them ORF1a encodes a non-structural protein 3 (Nsp3). Nsp3 is one of the largest proteins encoded by virus with an average molecular mass of about 200 kD. Nsp3 plays an important role in virus replication which includes creating virus replication/transcription complex and processing viral proteins. Nsp3 with papain-like protease activity cleave Nsp1-Nsp2, Nsp2-Nsp3 and Nsp3-Nsp4 in viral polypeptide. However, there is very little known about the role of Nsp3 on host innate immune response. To determine the role of SARS-Cov2- Nsp3 on host innate immune response, we transfected the HEK-293 Cell with plasmid containing SARS-CoV2-Nsp3 gene with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transfected cells were analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) expression. Our result showed that SARS-Cov2- Nsp3 significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF alpha expression, indicating the role of SARS-Cov2- Nsp3 in virus induced immunosuppression. However, we need to confirm our results with more replicates
Sexualization in Sport: Analyzing the Female Collegiate Athlete

Kara Joyce Shunnarah

Sport has historically been a male dominated area. Since the passage of Title XI in 1972, the opportunity for females to participate in sport has expanded. However, despite efforts towards inclusion within the sporting context, stereotypes and social expectations have remained present for female athletes. The present research study analyzes the experiences of collegiate female athletes with specific focus on female athlete sexualization through media representation and uniform dress. The study exhibits how sexualization in sport can affect the female athlete's athletic performance and perception of media coverage. Focus groups were conducted with female athletes at the University of Dayton. Qualitative results explore how female athletes balance the identity of being both a female and an athlete. Findings provide a deeper insight into the realities of a collegiate level female athlete, revealing both the changing and the stagnant socially constructed experiences within sport.
Shortening and Simplifying Matchforce – BBBS (Big Brother Big Sister) of Butler County

Claire Julia Rubadue, Justin George Supsura, Connor Joseph Williams, Michael Christian Zlotnik

Big Brothers Big Sisters of Butler County seeks to create one-on-one mentoring relationships between their volunteers and youth. Hailed as the oldest, largest, and most successful mentoring organization in the United States, Big Brothers Big Sisters can attribute most of their success to the personable relationships they maintain with everyone involved in the matchmaking process and data-driven philosophy.Despite their success, problems have persisted. While developing the relationship between volunteers and the youth is what BBBS does best, the arduous and slow matchmaking process is what is holding them back the most. All the blame cannot fall on BBBS, there is also a lack of cooperation from the families involved. The process begins with an introductory meeting between an employee, parent, and child, but “no-shows” are a huge problem. After the meeting, they must fill out an application on Matchforce (platform built on Salesforce) along with many legal documents. This management system isn’t being used to its full potential because it must be completed thoroughly (meaning you can’t move on to the next page of the application of any information is missing) and more training, post implementation, would’ve been beneficial.Our role in this project is to assist Big Brothers Big Sisters in reducing the time it takes to match the children with volunteers.
Six-Bar Linkage Models of a Recumbent Tricycle Mechanism to Increase Power Throughput in FES Cycling

Nicholas Andrew Lanese

This research presents the kinematic and static analysis of two mechanisms to improve power throughput for persons with tetra- or paraplegia pedaling a performance tricycle via FES. FES, or functional electrical stimulation, activates muscles by passing small electrical currents through the muscle creating a contraction. The use of FES can build muscle in patients, relieve soreness, and promote cardiovascular health. Compared to an able-bodied rider, a cyclist stimulated via FES produces an order of magnitude less power creating some notable pedaling difficulties especially pertaining to inactive zones. An inactive zone occurs when the leg position is unable to produce enough power to propel the tricycle via muscle stimulation. An inactive zone is typically present when one leg is fully bent, and the other leg is fully extended. Altering the motion of a cyclist’s legs relative to the crank position can potentially reduce inactive zones and increase power throughput. Some recently marketed bicycles showcase pedal mechanisms utilizing alternate leg motions. This work considers performance tricycle designs based on the Stephenson III and Watt II six-bar mechanisms where the legs define two of the system’s links. The architecture based on the Stephenson III is referred to throughout as the CDT due to the legs’ push acting to coupler-drive the four-bar component of the system. The architecture based on the Watt II is referred to throughout as the CRT due to the legs’ push acting to drive the rocker link of the four-bar component of the system. The unmodified or traditional recumbent tricycle (TRT) provides a benchmark by which the designs proposed herein may be evaluated. Using knee and hip torques and angular velocities consistent with a previous study, this numerical study using a quasi-static power model of the CRT suggests a roughly 60% increase and the CDT suggests roughly 100% increase for a typical FES cyclist.
Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) and Goals Beyond Academics

Paige Leigh Russo

Social and emotional learning (SEL) considers students’ development as holistic individuals rather than only academic achievement. SEL competency should be a priority for elementary age students as they approach a crucial time of development. The support of schools, faculty, and community will ultimately impact the level of SEL competency achieved by elementary age students.
Social Media Usage During COVID-19: Friend or Foe?

Claudia Nicole Dominique

Mental health is one of the primary concerns on college campuses across the country, with a concerning number of students reporting mental distress. The COVID-19 pandemic only worsened this mental health crisis, resulting in a country-wide increase in mental health concerns. While the internet helped people stay in contact with one another, the increase in social media usage could have exacerbated college students’ existent mental distress. The broad goal of the current study is to highlight the relationship between social media usage and mental health among college students. In addition, the study also seeks to evaluate students’ self-reported changes in their mental health and social media usage as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study utilized online surveys to collect data on individuals’ perceived impact of the pandemic on their social media behavior, and subsequently, their overall mental health. This research will contribute to our knowledge about mental health among college students by providing greater insight into the psychological state of students today, thus allowing future researchers to address the mental health concerns of those who have lived through a global pandemic.