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  Optimization of Density and Surface Finish in Metal Additive Manufacturing

  Allyson Meagan Cox

  Laser Powder Bed Fusion is a type of additive manufacturing of metal parts that uses fine metal powder that is melted together by a high powered laser, layer by layer, based off a CAD model of the desired design. The metal additive field has gained recent and widespread attention for its innovation, customization, and prototyping. However, due to the nature of industries such as aerospace and defense, the demand for quality products is high. Two ways to measure quality of a finished additive part are density and surface roughness. These properties were measured and compared against changing print parameters to determine process settings that yield optimum part quality. Inconel 718 powder was used in the Advances Technology Laser Additive System (ATLAS) to create test pieces with critical geometries in the design. The individual layers of the part were scanned for profilometry data to analyze internal and edge surface roughness. In addition, the final part characteristics were determined using density testing and metallurgy. During the print, volumetric energy density (VED), mark speed, power, hatch design and part design all remained constant. The number of contours around the edge of the design layer and the offset to hatch were altered for each part. These parameters were compared against each other in the results of the experiment to determine the critical settings of an additive manufactured part that would lead to quality finished parts without post processing.

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  Optimization of Wireless Electroceutical Dressings in Wound Healing for Burn Victims

  Nilan Mani

  The purpose of the proposed interdisciplinary research is to investigate how the electrochemistry of Wireless Electroceutical Dressings (WEDs) can be optimized to fight infection and promote healing in the wounds of burn victims. One of the most common secondary complications is infection, since bacteria and microbes are able to enter the human body freely in the absence of a protective layer of skin. Infection has been determined to be the leading cause of death in approximately 61% of all reported burn victim cases. Once inside the body, bacteria readily form biofilms to shield themselves from antibiotics and increase resistance to treatment by humans. As a result, an anti-biofilm treatment method is necessary to eliminate the biofilm barrier that currently exists when treating disease. A proof of concept for the nanofabrication of an alternative, Biomimetic Wireless Electroceutical Dressing (BWED) that increases bacteria-disruptive microcurrents through optimization of electrode design (material, geometry, volume, and/or circuitry) will be discussed. This feasibility study entails monitoring the growth of various bacterial colonies cultured from common locations in the environment (e.g. cell phone, door knob, elevator buttons) in the presence of various BWED configurations. The research will attempt to show whether BWEDs work better at decreasing the growth of bacteria colonies when compared to a control group with no BWED present. This information will be used to determine the most promising electrode designs to optimize and fabricate in the future.

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  Parental Involvement and External Factors that Influence Academic Success

  Erin Marie Colbert, Claire N Evans, Megan Jane Stefan

  This presentation explores how student success is affected by parental involvement, and addresses external factors such as single-parent households and cultural backgrounds.

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  Partnering with IEP Students to Improve Nutrition Label Education and Literacy

  Olivia Louise Bittner, Brian Douglas Davidson, Natalia Marie Iannarino, Caroline Marie Symons

  Many health care documents are written at too high a reading level for a majority of the U.S. population to comprehend. In an effort to address this problem, we revised a previous existing document on how to read a nutrition label. The original document was intended for children, but through testing it was determined to be written at approximately a ninth grade reading level. We visited a classroom of ten, level two Intensive English Program (IEP) students who wanted to learn more about understanding American nutrition labels to determine what information they are interested in. Within this visit we learned that the students understood the components associated with an American nutrition label, but wished to learn more about what foods are important to include in a healthy diet compatable with their cultural and dietary preferences. In order to cater to the IEP students, we revised the original document to approximately a fourth grade level and paid specific attention to formatting to prevent distraction from key information. We utilized culturally appropriate images and words so that these students could better understand the presented information. After revision, we presented our improved document to the IEP students to receive feedback on the readability and comprehension. With their feedback, we further revised our document so that it would more effectively communicate this information.

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  Perceived Barriers to Reporting Incidences of Stalking by Undergraduate Students at a Private, Midwestern University.

  Antony David Parnigoni

  One in six women and one in 19 men will be victims of stalking in their lifetime (Baum, Catalano, & Rand, 2009). This qualitative, phenomenological research study explores the perceived barriers to reporting stalking-related behavior that undergraduates self-report at a private, religiously-affiliated, mid-sized, Midwestern research university. Undergraduate students (n=22) were interviewed in a one-on-one setting. Barriers that have been recorded in past research have included fear of retaliation, uncertainty that a crime has been committed, or not wanting friends to find out (Fisher, Diagle, Cullen, & Turner 2003; Sable, Danis, Mauzy, & Gallagher, 2010). These previous findings are consistent with the findings of this study. In addition, the majority of students reported that the school could do more to educate on what constitutes as stalking behavior, what the reporting options are, as well as what happens after a report has been filed. These findings are relevant for any university because the research site in this study has already invested a great deal of resources into combatting partner violence and this evidence suggests that there will always be more opportunities for education and student engagement; in other words, this is an ever-evolving battle that needs to be fought.

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  Perceptions of Short-Term Study Abroad Experiences on Intercultural Competence in School Psychology Graduate Students

  Nicole Anne Guzman

  Intercultural competence is an emerging topic of interest in service-based professions, including school psychology. The National Association of School Psychologists has long asserted the importance of interculturally competent practices in schools in the form of ethical and unbiased assessments and interventions, collaboration with families, and overall justice and advocacy for all students. Research indicates that participating in a study abroad experience is an accessible option for future professionals in schools to gain intercultural competence. Previous research examined the impact of study abroad experiences on future teachers and school counselors, but little has been researched on the impact of study abroad on school psychologists, who serve diverse student groups. This qualitative project examined the unique experiences and perceived intercultural competence growth of school psychology graduate students who participated in study abroad experiences, as well as their perceived preparedness to serve diverse populations in schools. Implications regarding future research are provided.

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  Perceptions of Violence

  Abigail Pauline McIntyre

  System justification theory suggests that people tend to view authority figures as credible and dependable (Jost, Tyler, & Van der Toorn 2011). Individuals also tend to hold those who commit unsanctioned violence or exhibit criminal behavior in disdain. This study was designed to examine how these tendencies relate to people's perceptions of situations involving authority figures, vigilantism and violence. Two hypotheses were tested: that the victim of such an interrogation will be viewed less favorably and the attacker more favorably in cases where a low status victim is interrogated by an off-duty police officer, and that the victim will be viewed more favorably and the attacker less favorably in cases where a high status victim is interrogated by a vigilante. Participants' evaluations of characteristics of aggression, credibility, criminality and guilt were measured as they applied to police officers, vigilantes and suspected criminals.

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  Performance Characterization of the GS-4 Gas Induction Impeller

  Shannon Marie Hoffman

  High interphase contact is essential to processes involving gas-liquid reactions, and can be accomplished using gas dispersion or gas induction. In gas dispersion, gas is sparged into the vessel below the impeller, and then dispersed throughout the liquid by agitation. Gas induction is an alternative approach, which uses a hollow impeller and shaft to draw gas into the liquid phase and distribute it throughout the vessel. The GS-4 impeller is a novel gas induction impeller that is unique due to its large openings in the impeller blades and generation of an axial flow pattern. This impeller is characterized based on the power number, pressure coefficient, and modeling of the induced gas flow rate. The power number at ungassed conditions is independent of impeller size and submergence, but is higher when up-pumping than down-pumping. This parameter decreases as gas is induced, and is modeled using the relative power number as a function of the relative speed. The pressure coefficient is examined using two approaches, one using speeds below the onset of induction and the other using the critical speed. Comparison of these methods shows that the pressure coefficient is more accurately determined independently of the minimum induction speed. This information is used to relate the available pressure difference to the gas flow rate. This relationship is affected by impeller diameter, with larger impellers inducing a higher flow rate than smaller impellers for a given pressure difference. The accuracy of this model is improved by assuming that the gas flow rate is also a function of the gas-liquid contact area within the impeller.

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  Performance Evolution of GPU versus CPU in Iterative algorithms

  Hassan Ali Alsaad

  High-performance computing is one of the most demanding technologies in today's computational world with a variety of applications such as big data analysis, and solving complex computing algorithm. Engineers have invented multiple technologies such as CPUs, GPUs, GGPUS, FPGAs, clusters and distributed high-performance computational systems for high-performance computing. This research has focused on evaluating GPU and CPU two of the main technologies that could be used in high-performance computing. The researchers have developed a methodology to evaluate the performance of GPU and compare it with CPU under different test subjects. Finally, this research illustrated the power and weaknesses of GPU over the CPU under certain circumstances.

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  Performance Evolution of GPU versus CPU in Iterative algorithms

  Hassan Ali Alsaad

  High-performance computing is one of the most demanding technologies in today's computational world with a variety of applications such as big data analysis, and solving complex computing algorithm. Engineers have invented multiple technologies such as CPUs, GPUs, GGPUS, FPGAs, clusters and distributed high-performance computational systems for high-performance computing. This research has focused on evaluating GPU and CPU two of the main technologies that could be used in high-performance computing. The researchers have developed a methodology to evaluate the performance of GPU and compare it with CPU under different test subjects. Finally, this research illustrated the power and weaknesses of GPU over the CPU under certain circumstances.

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  Personality and Health Risk Information Avoidance

  Kelsey Michelle Julian

  When it comes to personal health risks, some people will choose to avoid information that may be threatening to their beliefs, behaviors, or overall self-image. While many studies have been performed to discover methods that may help to reduce information avoidance, there has been little research regarding the personality characteristics of people who are more likely to engage in information avoidance. The present study will utilize a conceptually similar paradigm from previous research in which participants are led to believe that they will be able to find out whether they are at risk for an illness during their lab experience. Participants will complete personality questionnaires and then will be asked to provide a saliva sample in order to be tested for ostensibly real predisposition to alcoholism detectable in saliva. Participants will then decide if they would like to get their test results back or not. In addition to examining whether certain personality characteristics are associated with information avoidance, the saliva will be assayed for the stress hormone, cortisol, to examine whether physiological stress is associated with personality and information avoidance.

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  Personality Risk and Protective Factors Moderate Associations of Relationship-Contingent Self-Esteem with Mental Health and Relationship Outcomes

  Frane Francis Santic

  Contingent self-esteem occurs when an individual’s self-esteem is affected by a specific outcome or situation. This form of self-esteem can occur within different domains, with one specific domain being relationships. Relationship-Contingent Self-Esteem (RCSE) “involves having one’s self-regard hooked on the nature, process, and outcome of one’s relationship” (Knee, Canevello, Bush, & Cook, 2008). RCSE is said to occur from a thwarting of basic psychological needs, including competence, relatedness, and autonomy. When these needs are not fulfilled, issues such as feelings of incompetence, a lack of feeling of control, and issues with connecting with other individuals can occur. Further, those high in RCSE can have lower relationship satisfaction and experience higher levels of negative emotion felt. The objective of the study is to examine how certain personality risk and protective factors that are correlates of the basic psychological needs influence the relationship between RCSE and relationship and the experience of negative emotion (i.e., depression). The study draws from a large sample of married alumni from a private Midwestern US university. Participants were asked to complete a survey containing a range of measures for basic psychological needs, relationship satisfaction, depression, RCSE, authenticity, anxious attachment, and self-compassion. The study examines how individuals with RCSE are impacted by attachment style, feelings of self-compassion, and other personality factors, as well as what level of depression and satisfaction they currently feel in their lives. If one’s basic psychological needs are being met then it’s possible that the negative impact of RCSE on relationship satisfaction and depression could be reduced, or possibly eliminated. Understanding what constructs act as risk or protective factors can inform either the creation of or mending of current interventions that are meant to specifically target these constructs. These interventions could in turn, diminish the negative impact of RCSE.

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  Personality Types and Self-Reported Eating Habits

  Tom Richard Lawler

  People with different personality types lead very different lifestyles; these personality types also affect the eating habits of an individual. Poor eating habits can lead to a myriad of health problems, including obesity and diabetes, while healthy eating habits can promote longevity. An associated problem is inaccurate reporting of eating habits by research participants and medical patients. While many studies have been conducted to examine the relationship between eating disorders and personality types, very few, if any, have examined the effects of personality types on actual eating habits as well as perceived eating habits. The proposed study will test for associations between personality traits and eating habits and inaccuracy in self-reported eating habits. Using the five factor personality model, participants will be given a questionnaire to assess the personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Participants will then be given two more questionnaires to determine their actual eating habits and their perceived eating habits. The actual eating habits will be determined using the Self Reported Habit Index, a rigorous eating habit assessment that that can accurately determine the habits of an individual. Participants’ perceived eating habits will be assessed using a questionnaire designed specifically for this study that will assess their general view of the healthiness of their own eating habits. Participants will be gathered via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Through analysis of this data, conclusions will be drawn about the susceptibility of various personality traits to detrimental eating habits. Additionally, the discord between perceived and actual eating habits will be determined to provide insight into the attitudes of individuals regarding their own eating habits. This information will equip medical professionals and dieticians with knowledge about how to best accommodate patients with poor eating habits and provide them with top-notch treatment.

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  Physiological and Psychological Effects of Being Weighed in Female Participants

  Julia Christine Carroccio

  Stressful experiences such as constantly thinking about one's weight lead to harmful long-term physiological and psychological effects on the body. Many studies have examined the presence of weight stigma in society at large, but fewer studies have sought to determine the physical and psychological outcomes of that stigma. In the short-term, even momentary stressors could have an impact on factors such as blood pressure, for example when patients are stressed due to weighing before blood pressure is measured. This study tested whether female participants’ (N = 55) attitudes about their bodies, anxiety levels, and blood pressures were affected by being weighed. The participants were 55 female undergraduate students from the University of Dayton who were enrolled in introductory psychology courses, or some other course that required research participation. It was hypothesized that being weighed would produce negative outcomes on measures of blood pressure, body satisfaction, self-esteem, and anxiety. Results of a one-way ANOVA indicated that these factors did not differ for participants who were weighed just prior to measurement compared to those who were weighed after. Thus there may be some limits to "white coat syndrome," which is the phenomenon of a patient having higher blood pressure readings when in the presence of a physician or other medical staff. Factors such as the setting and demographic of the person obtaining the measures could be relevant.

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  Piezo-optic coefficient of gallium nitride

  William Bradley Poston

  Gallium nitride is a material of interest for a range of optical and optoelectronic applications, including its use in blue light LEDs, efficient solar cells, and high power optoelectronic devices for communications, radar, and power amplifiers. During high power operation, these devices develop temperature gradients which cause changes in the local refractive index due in part to the piezo optic effect, resulting in distortion of the output beam. Therefore, measurement of the piezo-optic coefficients is required to predict the performance of high power optoelectronic devices. Uniaxial mechanical stress was applied to a sample of gallium nitride, which induced a birefringence in the sample. The magnitude of the induced birefringence was determined by shining polarized light from a HeNe laser through the sample at pressures between .5 and 10 MPa, passing the output beam through a rotating polarizer and measuring the intensity as a function of relative polarizer position. From the induced birefringence, the piezo-optic coefficient of gallium nitride was determined.

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  Police Brutality in the Dayton Community

  Shelby S Goble

  Police brutality can be defined as the use of excessive or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. It has been in issue in the Dayton community for years and with the recent shift in focus in the media, this problem has received more attention locally, as well as nationally. This topic brings to light issues within the criminal justice system as well as community issues, such as racism, poverty, and other social inequalities. The goal of this poster presentation is to highlight the community level issues that perpetuate criminal behavior and encourage police brutality. Drawing on social inequality literature and Facing Project Narratives from Dayton, this poster will discuss concentrated poverty and racism and their role in promoting criminal behavior. The presentation will also cover possible solutions to the issue of police brutality such as more community involvement from younger generations or more attention from the city. A problem as serious as police brutality deserves more attention, action and change.

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  Positive Behavior Intervention and Support

  Mary Eileen Schultz

  Behavioral issues or lack of social skills can be a huge distraction to one’s learning or daily life. All teachers should have a technique to not only handle but change challenging behaviors. One strategy that can be used is positive behavior intervention and support (PBIS) is an intervention used mainly with people who experience challenging behaviors. In this review of the research literature, I pursue the question what context does PBIS work most effectively in. It can be used on an individual or class wide level, offering different levels of support based on student’s needs. It helps to teach self regulation and the use of appropriate behaviors. On a class wide level, it can help students with mild to severe behavior problems or those who lack social skills. PBIS tends to sustain positive outcomes over time, except in small group instruction set in a class wide intervention.

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  Possible pharmacologic glioma treatment in Drosophila model

  Luke Alan Bressler, Karishma Sanjay Gangwani, Catherine E Martini, Margarita Rosa Mendez, Isha Mishra, Kirti Snigdha, Jordan M Terschluse

  Glioma is a lethal brain cancer, and current treatment strategies have limited effects by extending life only by a few months. Thus, efforts should be made to discover better inhibitors of glioma growth. Ideally such inhibitors will suppress the progression of glioma by (a) inhibiting the underlying molecular pathways activated in glioma, or (b) prevent rapid proliferation of the glia and other cells that encompass the glioma tumor. We have developed a glioma model by co-activating PI3K and Ras/MAPK specifically in the Drosophila CNS glia. The Drosophila glioma cause the larval brain to appear enlarged due to rapid increase in the stem cells and their glial and neural progeny. These tumors cause the larvae to enter a prolonged larval phase, and eventually kill the organism. We are conducting a chemical screen using Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Selleck Biochem.) in which we feed early third instar (72h old) larvae 10 or 300uM chemicals in DMSO and then see effects on glioma growth, and survival in mature third instar stage (120h old). Using these metrics, here we present data from our screen on B1-B11 of the library. Once we identify potential glioma inhibitors in the primary screens, we will validate them in secondary screens.

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  Post-Freeze Viability of Erythrocytes from D. chrysoscelis

  Loren Vanessa Geiss

  Cope’s gray treefrog, Dryophytes chrysoscelis, is a freeze tolerant frog that survives the freezing of extracellular fluids during winter. Throughout the fall months the frogs are exposed to a gradual decrease in temperature, becoming cold-acclimated. Cold-acclimated treefrogs have elevated plasma levels of glycerol and urea, solutes that function as cryoprotectants by reducing the intra- and extracellular flux of water during freezing and thawing. To minimize cell damage, glycerol and urea need to be taken up by erythrocytes through a transmembrane protein, aquaglyceroporin HC-3. It is hypothesized that erythrocytes frozen in solution containing glycerol/urea would have greater post-freeze (PF) viability than cells frozen without glycerol or urea. It is further hypothesized that cells frozen with naturally accumulating, and HC-3 permeating, solutes (glycerol and urea) would have enhanced PF viability compared to cells frozen with solutes that do not accumulate during cold acclimation (glucose, NaCl, sorbitol). In this study, erythrocytes were obtained from warm-acclimated (22°C) or cold-acclimated (4°C) frogs. Cells were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ± solute and incubated for 30 minutes at -8°C. Percent hemolysis was calculated as the amount of hemoglobin leaked from erythrocytes over the total amount hemoglobin in the erythrocyte sample. PF viability was 2.6-fold greater in cells from cold-acclimated frogs compared to cells from warm-acclimated frogs. Cells from warm- and cold-acclimated frogs enhanced PF viability when frozen in PBS containing urea (2.8-fold, p<0.005 and 0.6-fold, p<0.001, respectively). PF viability of cells frozen in PBS containing glycerol improved when cells were from cold-acclimated frogs (0.6-fold, p<0.005). Although results support the involvement of glycerol and urea in the cryoprotection of D. chrysoscelis, enhanced viability of cells from cold-acclimated frogs, compared to cells from warm-acclimated frogs, suggest that changes other than glycerol and urea accumulation are involved in the freeze tolerance of D. chrysoscelis.

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  Poverty and Inequality in Dayton and the Surrounding Areas

  Eric Wallace Handorf

  Today, there are severe disparities in economic well-being between the city of Dayton and the surrounding areas. This project examines the historical causes and current consequences of severe economic inequality in Dayton and its surrounding areas, as well as how social change has occured around this topic. To do this, I draw on the Facing Project Narratives, social inequality literature, historical documents, and current work being done to help the problem. The project will conclude with recommendations as well as an overview of current efforts that specifically address poverty and inequality.

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  Prairie designers: Cambarus diogenes as an ecosystem engineer in a coastal tall grass prairie

  Emily Katherine Brady, Shania E Hurst, Ryan William Reihart

  In a coastal tallgrass prairie, fatclaw crayfish (Cambarus diogenes) are an abundant, but little studied species. They burrow from the water table to the surface, carving chambers where groups of crayfish live, and assembling a soil “chimney” that they use to access the prairie. It is unknown how these crayfish that move vast amounts of soil may be affecting prairie ecosystem processes, or if soil nutrients affect where chimneys are found. Little is also known about the diet of the fat claw crayfish or their trophic placement in a prairie food web. We determined how nutrients affect the abundance of chimneys by counting the number of chimneys in a large fertilization experiment that manipulated (N&P, Ca, K, and Na). Conversely, we also determined if crayfish affect soil characteristics by measuring total soil moisture and bulk density, total nutrient concentrations, and nutrient availability from chimneys and soils at an increasing distance away from chimneys. Using our estimates of chimney abundances, we also determined how much soil crayfish move, and how they affected soil nutrient pools and availability. Additionally, we collected crayfish claws and used stable isotopes to determine the placement of this species in the prairie food web. The abundance of crayfish was affected by soil nutrients. Plots containing a combination of N&P and Ca tended to have a higher abundance. Conversely, crayfish chimneys also affected soil characteristics: the soils from chimneys were very high in available sulfur compared to soils away from chimneys. A total of 245.76 g/m 2 of clayey soil was likely brought up from anaerobic conditions where sulfur-reducing bacteria are present. Available potassium was lower at the base of the chimney, and got progressively higher the further you moved from the chimney. Because Cambarus diogenes significantly affected available soil nutrients, they likely play an important role in structuring plant communities and nutrient cycling in these rare prairies. As ecosystem engineers, their presence may be important in coastal prairie restoration and conservation. The cycling of nutrients cause by the crayfish building chimneys could manipulating what plants are able to grow in the ecosystem, and some plants need specific nutrients to be successful. Crayfish could be the key to helping preserve the fading prairie ecosystem.

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  Promoting Academic Achievement and Intrinsic Motivation in Mathematically Gifted Elementary Students

  Sarah Elizabeth Rolfsen

  Most often, the mathematically gifted student is the most neglected in an elementary classroom. Though there is very little available research on this topic, this paper will explore the available structures, programs, and strategies aimed to support mathematically gifted elementary students in both academic achievement and intrinsic motivation. Through analyzing studies involving structures such as the cluster model, distance learning, and the pull-out method, and programs such as Accelerated Math, Project M2, and Project M3, specific strategies that seem to be a common theme are identified. These strategies should be implemented in classrooms to cater to these gifted students; for they have proven positive effects on academic achievement, and often times, motivation. Though more research must be done on this topic, there seems to be a strong potential for using these structures, programs, and strategies to promote mathematical achievement among young gifted students.

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  Public Memory: The Monuments and Memorials of UD

  Jen Mayrena Agudelo, Essa Alhamer, Lillian Margaret Dickman, Andrew Patrick Gross, John Martin Harmon, Brandon Michael Heath, Leah S Henkel, Seth Christian Hill, Kristen Hisek, Mitchell Christopher Honious, Tyler Andrew Johnson, Trent E Jones, Kelly Ann Katis, Kristine Anne Kearney, Liza Christine Lutz, Taylour W McMullen, Katie Katherine Parker, Matthew John Pins, Ryan Darnell Scott, Cassandra L Secrease, Micheal John Sheridan, Sophia Jane Tokar, Marcel J Tworek, Ying Wang, Adam Steven Wicks, Joseph J Wilson

  The Pubic Memory themed section of SSC200 was tasked with proposing monuments and/or memorials needed on campus at The University of Dayton. Five groups of five students each conducted survey, observational, and archival research to choose subjects connected to the UD culture and deemed worthy of commemoration. Through careful consideration of concerns related to public memory, identity, culture, and materiality, each group created and designed either a monument or memorial fitting the memory of their chosen subject. Groups will be able to explain their designs, rationale, and processes culminating in their final course project for SSC200.

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  Race Represents Nothing and Everything

  Faith Ann Senkbeil

  While many of the institutionally racist practices in American history have been eliminated, other forms of racism persist. For example, personal racism occurs when individuals or social groups, governed by behavioral norms, support racist thinking and increase active racism. This type of racism affects an individual’s ability for social mobility as well as their equality in schools, neighborhoods and society as a whole. Drawing on examples of personal racism from social science literature and the narratives of the Facing Project in Dayton, I will show how personal racism limits social mobility as well as how acts of resistance are used to overcome it. While addressing institutional racism is a first step to creating a more equal society, addressing personal racism must also be part of the solution.

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  Race Represents Nothing and Everything

  Faith Ann Senkbeil

  While many of the institutionally racist practices in American history have been eliminated, other forms of racism persist. For exam­ple, personal racism occurs when individuals or social groups, governed by behavioral norms, support racist thinking and increase active racism. This type of racism affects an individual’s ability for social mobility as well as their equality in schools, neighborhoods and society as a whole. Drawing on examples of personal racism from social science literature and the narratives of the Facing Project in Dayton, I will show how personal racism limits social mobility as well as how acts of resistance are used to overcome it. While addressing institutional racism is a first step to creating a more equal society, addressing personal racism must also be part of the solution.