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  3D face construction from front and profile 2D image

  Sankarshan Dasgupta

  In this fast-track and uncertain world, the difference we can make with 3D view experience of someone is noteworthy and our intention is to draw them closer to the reality. Though people are attracted to the novelty, 3D is more traditional because it can more accurately reflects our everyday experience of interacting with the world. Our vision is to create a 3D view with lesser manual labor and have high standards of detailing in the output. 3D view consist of two principal components i.e. mesh and texture. The manual labor for the creation of each of them is cumbersome and time-consuming. Hence , we propose an automated and efficient technique to create the mesh and texture of the person from the input images which can be viewed in blender as a 3D model. Both of the components can be extracted from the a deep learning neural network which will train to analyze the given dataset and learn to predict a new texture and mesh combination for the desired output. Dataset contains of all the images from google with front and profile view. These images are annotated, mesh is generated manually with the help of blender software. Now, for the implementation part, the texture representation is generated with OpenCV library in python for Haar Cascades classifiers. The classification enables to get the exact face and eye boundary from the image. The mesh is detected with similarity detection from existing dataset and the most similar detection gives the mesh model. This process makes it faster to integrate and efficient for all types of devices.

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  A Bee-Hive, A Yoga Studio, and A Clinic: Acknowledging the Uniqueness of Our Writing Center Spaces

  Jennifer Ryan

  This research project examines the physical spaces of four writing centers in an attempt to understand what writing center spaces actually look like outside of what dominant writing center scholarship has told us about these spaces. This project also uncovers some material items that writing centers need within their spaces to best serve the needs of all writers. From there, this study proposes recommendations to the writing center community about what items are currently in these spaces, what we need to successfully operate for the benefit of all writers, and what design options we should consider when thinking about the writing center, especially in situations where (re)design is possible. Lastly, this study calls for further examination into writing center spaces including how other writing centers utilize their physical spaces to help answer the question of what design and material resources we truly need to serve the needs of all writers using a writing center's services.

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  A Closer Look at Living Wage in Dayton

  Brock J. Begesha, Elizabeth Anne Brahler, Nathan Paul Campbell

  A podcast that discusses and takes a closer look at how living under the poverty line in Dayton can become possible and how this trend can be reversed.

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  A History of the LGBTQ+ Community in the United Methodist Church: How One of America's Largest Protestant Denominations Became So Divided

  Logan M. Symons

  This project, completed as a part of the senior history capstone course, explores the history of LGBTQ+ relations, policies, and people in the United Methodist Church. The UMC has long been divided on this issue, leading to a proposed split of the church into two separate denominations in 2020 that will be voted on later this year. This presentation explores the complex historical origins of this debate by examining both official UMC church policy and instances of individuals and groups that have acted against it and worked to change it. The aim in exploring this history is to better understand the conflict occurring in the church today.

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  AI vs. AI: Evaluation of CAPTCHA attack

  Sai Bhargava Nidumolu

  CAPTCHA stands for (Completely Automated Public Turing test) to distinguish Computers and Humans. The purpose of CAPTCHA is to verify whether the user trying to access the page/site is actually a human or just a bot. It is used to protect open web resources from being exploited. Although, hackers find a way to crack the CAPTCHA puzzles using different approaches. In this paper, we are going to evaluate different neural network architectures to crack image-based CAPTCHAs. Also, we would perform gap analysis on each model and compare them against one another .

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  A Look at Juvenile Adjudications in Ohio: How Differences in Spending Affects Adjudication Rates in Ohio Counties

  Sebastian K. Duban, Liam Patrick Hayes

  This project looked to find an answer to the following juvenile services question, How has the differences in county expenditures into juvenile services affected the adjudication rates of the juveniles?. Research for this paper was done by collecting data on adjudication rates of juveniles in Ohio counties over the past 10 years through the state of Ohio juvenile justice databases, such as The Department of Youth Services as well as The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The cost of county juvenile services were obtained from The Department of Youth Services and then transferred into real money depending on the year it was drawn from, going back to 2010. This project is necessary because of the amounts of money being spent by the state and counties. Millions of dollars could be wasted each year since adjudication rates could go up and money spent could be going up at a relevant rate. This project seeks to identify which counties in Ohio are failing to spend their money in an effective way, and which counties in Ohio are helping prevent adjudications of juveniles with their budget.

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  A New Open-Source Behavioral Software for Remote Training and Assessment of Laboratory Animal Behavior: Validation in the Neurobiology Laboratory (BIO415L) course

  Aikaterini Britzolaki

  The need for assessing laboratory animal behavior has steadily increased over the past decades as a tool to investigate the effects of stress, as well the impact of genetic and pharmacological manipulations in rodents. In fact, preclinical researchers have heavily relied on animal behavior in order to dissect complex neurobiological pathways. A wide range of behavioral software is available for researchers to track and analyze animal behavior in both teaching and research settings; most options require the researcher’s physical presence and the use of specialized licensed equipment, limiting the potential for remote work and education, two important aspects in daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic. In that context, our Neuroscience lab group at the University of Dayton, in collaboration with a team of computer engineers, designed a new open-source and easily accessible software for assessing animal behavior in research and teaching settings. The educational value of this behavioral software was further validated in our Neurobiology Laboratory (BIO415L; Fall 2020) course. Herein, we briefly discuss the design, validation, and educational value of our new behavioral software.

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  An Exploration of Police-Refugee Relations and Racism Education for Refugees in Dayton

  Megan M. Passon

  Catholic Social Services of the Miami Valley in Dayton, Ohio, resettled 184 refugees in 2018. This number represents a portion of the 3.1 million refugees that have been resettled in the United States since 1980. Drawing on semi-structured, qualitative interviews with members of Ohio law enforcement and former refugees or immigrants employed by Catholic Social Services of the Miami Valley, this research explores relationships between law enforcement officers and refugees in Ohio, methods of improving these relationships, and approaches to educating refugees on racism in the United States.

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  Annual Horvath Student Juried Exhibition

  Eman Abdulaziz Alshafai, Caroline Elizabeth Bowers, Asher Dean Carr-Chellman, Kaitlynne Elizabeth Chapman, Emily M. Cordonnier, Domenica Maria Cua, April Renee Dvorak, Mary Katherine Fleisher, Mira Brese Holifield, Cayley N. King, Grace M. King, Evan Michael Kurtz, Megan Marie Lewis, Caitlin Marie Mahoney, Sarah Ellen Mcgonigle, Reagan Stark Miller, Yamilet Perez Aragon, Brendan Michael Pugliese, Madeline Murphy Spicer, Shannon Marie Stanforth, Abigail L. Swensen, Tran Minh Quan Thai, Kelsey M. Vonderhaar, Jillian Whitson

  Student work is exhibited each spring in the Annual Horvath Juried Student Exhibition. Submission is open to all University of Dayton students taking classes in the Department of Art and Design during the academic year of the exhibition. Since 1975, this event has displayed award-winning works that include sculpture, paintings, drawings, ceramics, prints, photographs and designs. The juror is Tracy Featherstone, a Professor of Art and Head of printmaking at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. She earned a BFA from the University of Cincinnati and a MFA from the University of Arizona. The awards winners will be announced on Thursday, April 22.

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  Antibiotic Discovery Research Using Soil Samples: Microbiology Undergraduate Research

  John Paul A. Yoseph

  Given that antibiotics are being used worldwide to treat various bacterial infections and diseases, antibiotic resistance has become an increasingly mainstream and widespread issue; therefore, causing many antibiotics to lose effectiveness over time in treatment. As a result, research in the field of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become increasingly popular and widely demanded as we search to produce new effective antibiotics. Bacteria produce these antimicrobials when put in an environment with present pathogens or with limited resources, causing either a competition for survival or a need to fight infection. These antibiotics can either be created synthetically, or can be removed and isolated from bacterial colonies with antimicrobial properties. This independent research aims to observe isolates of bacteria from specific soil samples, while deciding if the isolates display any antimicrobial properties in an environment with antibiotic resistant pathogens. Zone of inhibitions will be generated, indicating antimicrobial properties in the existence of Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermis. Bacteria which generate antimicrobial properties will be inspected additionally by a sequence of biochemical tests, gram staining and catalase testing. In establishing and recognizing which bacteria produce antimicrobial agents and demonstrate these properties, these procedures will be crucial to fight the rise of antibiotic resistance, and to create effective new antibiotics.

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  Antibiotic Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes

  Charlotte Rose Kenneally

  Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen capable of surviving and growing under aerobic or anaerobic conditions in variety of environments, including the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. This intracellular growth requires Listeria to make multiple metabolic and physiological adaptations that are different from extracellular growth. Anaerobically grown Listeria has previously exhibited a significantly compromised intracellular growth—an observation suggesting that prior anaerobic exposure altered adaptations to conditions inside a host cell. The focus of this experiment was to elucidate how intracellular adaptations, with or without prior anaerobic exposure, alter the antibiotic susceptibility of intracellular Listeria. Listeria were grown aerobically or anaerobically prior to infection and then used to infect macrophages. Infected macrophages were treated with gentamicin to remove extracellular bacteria, then lysed with sterile water after one, four, or eighteen hours of infections. Bacterial lawns were created prior to infection for a point of reference for comparison, as well as after each time point. Filter discs containing different concentrations of ampicillin were placed on the lawns to test susceptibility in a zone of inhibition assay. We observed that anaerobically grown Listeria is more susceptible to ampicillin than aerobically grown prior to infection at the three highest concentrations. No significant difference was found in susceptibility to ampicillin between anaerobically grown or aerobically grown Listeria following eighteen hours. Aerobically grown Listeria was seen to become more susceptible to the antibiotic treatment with more time inside the macrophage, while anaerobically grown Listeria showed little change in susceptibility over the varying time points. These results demonstrate intracellular adaptions alter antibiotic susceptibility and may alter dosage requirement during antibiotic treatments.

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  Antimicrobial Activities in Soil Microorganisms

  George Kenneth Hudak

  Infections that were once able to be cured have now come back due to excessive usage and misusage of antibiotics. Bacteria have built up resistance to various antibiotics and are becoming more prevalent in deadly diseases. The lack of success in treating resistant bacteria calls demand for research to produce new and effective antibiotics. Antibiotics can be produced synthetically, but they can also be isolated from bacterial colonies that produce antimicrobial activity against pathogens. In this research project, the bacterial colonies were isolated from soil and tested on their antimicrobial activity responses. As part of the Tiny Earth Network project, the goal of this research was to isolate bacteria from soil samples and observe their antimicrobial activities against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The antimicrobial activity was indicated through zones of inhibition against safe relatives of ESKAPE pathogens. Two there were used in this research were Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Bacteria that produced antimicrobial activities against these two pathogens were further examined in a series of biochemical tests, Gram staining, and catalase testing. Finally, an ethyl acetate extraction was performed to confirm the antimicrobial activity and investigate for potential toxicity. By identifying bacteria that are producing this antimicrobial activity will help further the knowledge to combat antibiotic resistance and help in the development of new antibiotics.

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  Antimicrobial Compounds Extracted from Soil Isolates

  Abigail Elizabeth Wink

  Antimicrobial compounds play an integral role in modern medicine due to their drug resistant qualities that pose as a serious public health issue. The demand for discovering new antibiotics and exploring various alternative methods of infection treatment has increased due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. As outlined by the CDC, various pathogens such as drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter are recognized as an urgent threat due to their antibiotic resistance (CDC, 2019). Thus, the goal of this research is to further identify antibiotics isolated from soil samples on the UD campus to determine if they produce antibiotic compounds in the presence of ESKAPE pathogens. Zones of inhibition were found to be produced in the presence of Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli which demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Biochemical assays, such as catalase testing and gram staining were used to help identify isolate species. Chemical extractions were utilized to determine if the bacteria extracted from the isolates exhibit antimicrobial activity. Isolating antimicrobial compounds is imperative in the healthcare setting, as drug resistance determines the efficacy of antibiotics.

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  Applied Creativity in the Classroom

  Sarah Mcgonigle

  During her time at the University of Dayton, Sarah McGonigle has been curious about the possibilities of making significant change to the workings of the K-12 school system. Sarah looked for answers through her own education on campus, her study abroad experience, her peers, and through her certificate program at IACT. Finally having more questions than answers, she decided in her senior year to explore the ideas surrounding applied creativity. Student teaching gave her the opportunity to plan and execute lessons in this theme. Students within the art classroom learned more than just art techniques and media. Sarah focused her research on the students themselves as individuals and how they learned uniquely. More specifically, she analyzed how the lessons allowed students to explore themselves through the artistic lens and acquire important skills that are often overlooked in the classroom. High school students often forget about the deeper learning while so heavily focused on grades and school applications. Sarah attempted to give these students the opportunity to forget about the grade for a moment and focus on what is important: the process.

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  A Presentation of the Senior Visual Arts Capstone Projects

  Brad Sherman Deberry, Patrick D. Foster

  Visual Arts majors in the Department of Art and Design will present research and analysis of their individual journey culminating in creative self-directed artistic projects. Each student project is unique and reflects their selected vocations in the visual arts determined by a review of professional practices, standards and activities across related disciplines.

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  As Above, So Below: Antibiotic Resistance of Soil and Surface Microbes

  Alyssa M. Dabrowski, Emily Nicole Georgopoulos, Lauren Madison Maier, Emma Catherine Schaefer, Ayesha I. Sheikh

  In Spring 2021, five members of the student organization Flyers Against Antibiotic Resistance performed a surveillance project in collaboration with students in the BIO 411L General Microbiology Lab course to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance around the University of Dayton campus. We tested bacterial isolates collected from soil by the BIO 411L students and from human-associated surfaces for their growth on tetracycline-containing agar plates where a positive growth would indicate tetracycline resistance. We found that the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant bacteria was much higher in isolates from human-associated surfaces than isolates from soil. The 4 different media types also contributed differently to the isolation of tetracycline-resistant bacteria. Moreover, stairs and floor surfaces account for the majority (31% and 29.4%, respectively) of resistant isolates from human-associated surfaces. In summary, tetracycline resistance is present in a variety of environments and can potentially be spread from human-environment interactions.

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  Assessing and Modeling Landslide Lake Outburst Floods Along the Araniko Highway in Nepal

  Patrick M. Holmes

  Landslides are commonly portrayed as unstable slopes collapsing and causing a blockage on a roadway. Though this does occur in mountainous terrain often, landslides can have a greater impact when collapsing in a river basin. River basins around the world are surrounded by unstable slopes, which can fail due to precipitation and erosional processes. When these slopes fail, the landslide generally causes blockage in the river system bringing the flow to a halt and forms a pond behind the blockade. The problem created from this landslide blockage is what is known as landslide lake outburst floods (LLOF). When the water builds up enough to breach the sediment loose, a flood burst out interacting with the mountainous landscape, impacting people and infrastructures downstream. Buildings, houses, and properties have been damaged from these outburst floods not only from the high discharge of the water but plucking of large size sediments. This study will aim to identify unstable slopes in the Himalayan Mountains where monsoonal rains and frequent seismic activities lead to landslide occurrences, specifically along the Araniko Highway. The Araniko Highway is a heavily travelled highway that connects Kathmandu to China and is considered one of the most dangerous highways in the world. This research’s main goal is to identify specific slopes along the Araniko Highway that are susceptible to slope failure and end up creating a river blockade. Eventually, that blockade could lead to a LLOF, and the water that has built up behind the sediment dam can negatively impact man-made infrastructures from the failure of the dam. Resource platforms such as Google Earth, ArcGIS, and HEC-RAS 1D will be utilized. HEC-RAS will be used to create a model/cross-section of the LLOF after failure in order to predict how a landslide can impact the flood discharge and occurrence. ArcGIS and Google Earth will be used to identify the susceptible areas that could create the landslide dam. The modelling results will help create remediation ideas or evacuation plans for people in the area who are at severe risk of danger.

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  Assessing Community-oriented Policing on College Campuses in Ohio

  Huthayfa Usman

  Community-oriented policing has been studied in great detail in respect to municipal police departments. There is not significant research on the usage of community policing by campus police departments. Through this research project, we aim to assess how community-policing is being utilized on college campuses across the United States. This study conducted a survey given to campus police chiefs in the state of Ohio to assess how college police departments are engaging in community-policing.

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  Assessing Psychopathic Traits Among Juveniles to Examine Violent and Nonviolent CrimesDelinquency and Psychopathy in Juveniles

  Lauren Kathleen Moore, Darian A. Ramirez

  Although prior research has shown that there is a correlation between psychopathic traits in youth and the propensity to commit a crime, there is very little research on what type of crimes, in specific, are committed- either violent or nonviolent. In this study, we aim to better assess the association between the psychopathic traits of callousness and grandiosity, and violent versus nonviolent behavior among adjudicated juveniles. In order to do this, we will expand on the already existing research to further explore the onset of psychopathic traits among adjudicated juveniles and how it relates to violent and nonviolent behavior. This study examined adjudicated juveniles that exhibited psychopathic traits such as callousness and grandiosity and how these traits have the potential to determine criminality. Moreover, we found that these traits are significant in understanding juvenile delinquency. Our findings showed that only callousness was statistically significant when tested across aggressive offending.

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  Assessing the Efficacy of Seedling Planting as a Forest Restoration Technique in Temperate Hardwood Forests Impacted by Invasive Species

  Michaela Jean Woods

  The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; EAB) is an invasive insect that causes mortality of trees in the genus Fraxinus, creating canopy gaps that may facilitate invasion by exotic plants. Planting native tree seedlings under EAB-infested Fraxinus may accelerate succession and preclude invasive plant expansion; however, the effectiveness of this approach has not been experimentally tested. We assessed understory seedling planting of Quercus rubra, Carya laciniosa, and Juglans cinerea in EAB-infested forests, where the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) was removed. We tested whether the use of plastic tree shelters (“tree tubes”) or planting season (fall versus spring) contributed to the success of the reforestation plan by measuring growth rates (cm/yr) and survivorship two and seven years after planting. After seven years, seedling survivorship was < 25% for all species and planting techniques. Quercus rubra exhibited poor survivorship with one seedling surviving to the conclusion of the experiment. Juglans cinerea and C. laciniosa had higher survivability and growth rates than did Q. rubra after two and seven years. Effects of tree tubes were weak and temporary. After 2 years, Q. rubra seedling survivorship was higher in tree tubes; however, by the end of the experiment 29 of the 30 Q. rubra seedlings in tree tubes had died.Juglans cinerea seedlings grew faster when planted in the fall compared to the spring, but overall survivorship of these seedlings was unaffected by planting season. Neither the use of tree shelters nor the planting season contributed to the growth or survival of C. laciniosa seedlings. In summary, our results indicate that seedling planting of Carya and Juglans may be a useful way to increase biodiversity in regenerating forests; however, the resource-expensive processes of over-wintering seedlings and using tree shelters may not increase the success of reforestation efforts.

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  Beyond Sins and Symptoms: Suffering in Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited

  Sarah Elizabeth Miller

  This project interrogates the ongoing appeal of Evelyn Waugh’s 1945 novel Brideshead Revisited: The Sacred and Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder as it responds to the nostalgia for the past and the relentless onset of modernity in the wake of World War I. The novel’s enchanting yet tragic protagonist Sebastian Flyte finds himself struggling with alcoholism and is caught in the no-man’s-land between two systems of meaning-making: his pious Catholic mother Lady Marchmain seeks to remedy his condition through religious intervention, while his worldly future brother-in-law Rex Mottram hopes to use psychological treatment to cure him. Sebastian’s trajectory provides a window into the shortcomings of religious and secular approaches to modern suffering. Employing close readings of the novel as well as historical and theological contextualization, I argue that Brideshead Revisited reckons with the failures of religious condemnation and secular diagnosis as ways to understand human frailty. Instead, the novel illustrates the healing power of love that is willing to suffer with the beloved

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  Binomial Tree Model: Pricing European and American Stock Options

  Jacob Robert Pieniazek

  Pricing stock options has been a highly discussed topic in financial mathematics. Binomial Tree Models are the basis for pricing these stock options. Utilizing this model, it is rather simple to price European stock options—options that can only be exercised at the terminal time. However, it is markedly more difficult to price American options—options that can be exercised at any time before or at the terminal time. The focus of this research was to understand the mechanism by which to price European stock options and extrapolate this knowledge to calculating the more complex American options and understanding the behavior of the boundary upon which the American option will be exercised—the optimal exercise boundary. Utilizing Python programming software, we were able to effectively create an algorithm that can calculate the stock-price binomial tree, price both European and American options, and separate the region in which the American option will be exercised throughout the time period. This provides us with a conceptualization of the behavior of stock options, particularly American options, and a further understanding of the mechanism by which American options are priced.

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  Canine Handlers and College Student's Perceptions on K-9's Ability to De-escalate Violent Arrest Situations

  Kathleen Maria Schumacher

  Canine units are an expanding field in police departments as they are proving to be seen as valuable tools to the organizations. Canines possess multiple abilities and there is limited research completed to fully examine untapped potential. Recently there has been significant discussion on the use of force officers demonstrate in policing situations that has caused serious backlash on the law enforcement profession. The research issues being examined addresses exactly these types of situations and the impact canine units might contribute to resolve these issues. This research project is a mixed-methods approach that includes both quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative approach includes a survey that was sent out to college students attending universities within the Midwest region and the qualitative approach includes interviews with police officers at local departments within the Midwest. Overall, the canine handlers perceived the use of canines to de-escalate violent arrest situations as positive as long as the canine is trained for the situation. The same conclusions resulted from college students’ responses when it comes to situations that occur within the public. However, when it relates to domestic situations, the college students disagreed with the use of canines to mitigate the scenario. In the end, canines have been proven as a solution to de-escalate violent arrest situations as long as they have completed the necessary training, but I would recommend researching this topic more with a higher interview response by officers.

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  Canopy Cover Effects on the Rate of Leaf-Litter Decomposition

  Jahmia A. Bridges-Butler, Eva S. Hill

  Canopy Cover Effects on the Rate of Leaf-Litter DecompositionBy: Jahmia Bridges-Butler & Eva HillDecomposition is a vital ecosystem process that is a crucial part of nutrient cycling, and, if altered, can cause a change in the environmental productivity of an ecosystem. This process plays an important role in nutrient cycling by breaking down plant biomass and facilitating new plant growth. We tested the hypothesis that canopy cover would affect the rate of decomposition in forested and open areas: An open canopy cover will lead to decreased rates of decomposition due to being exposed to natural elements that can slow down decomposition. However, the open canopy area would be expected to have more arthropods present and participating in the decomposition.To determine decomposition rates, we conducted a litter-bag experiment in the Environmental Research Area at the University of Dayton. We created 10 sets of 4 bags each, each filled with 5 g of green Ginkgo leaves. We picked up one bag from each set at different points in time to determine how much litter mass was lost over time. Half of the litter bags were put in a closed canopy site and the other half in an open canopy site. We then calculated the rate of decomposition by comparing the starting litter mass to the end litter mass. We also determined what arthropods were present in the last two time points by identifying the arthropods to order that we extracted from each litterbag using a Berlese funnel.We expect to find an overall lower rate of decomposition in the litter bags placed in the open canopy site, compared to the rate of bags in the closed canopy site. More specifically, we expect to find a higher k value with the litter bags in the closed canopy area than those placed in the open canopy. We expect these results due to the open canopy bags being exposed to the elements during the winter months, which would include precipitation like rain and snow, that would cause a decrease in decomposition.These results could be important for gaining more knowledge and insight into what kind of things can affect decomposition rates in ecosystems. We can learn about how anthropogenic factors, like deforestation, can alter the rate of decomposition for vegetation in the area, which in turn affects the carbon cycle.

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  CAPTCHA in Virtual Reality

  Bharath Kandala

  In this project, we aim to study the CAPTCHA in virtual reality. We integrate 3 different CAPTCHA methods, namely, ReCAPTCHA, Image-based CAPTCHA, and text-based CAPTCHA. The virtual environment is rendered in Unity3D. The user is able to experience the CAPTCHA by using Google Cardboard VR headset with an Android phone. The experiments show that users have different preferences to CAPTCHA methods in virtual environment.