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  Wingtip Vortices from an Exergy Based Perspective

  Muhammad Omar Memon, Kevin Wabick

  The lens of exergy is used to investigate a wingtip vortex in the near wake over a range of angles of attack. Exergy is the measure of thermodynamically “available” energy as determined through the more discriminating second law of thermodynamics. Experiments were conducted in a water tunnel at ILR Aachen. The data was taken three chord lengths downstream in the Trefftz plane of an aspect ratio (AR) 5 Clark-Y wing with a square edged wingtip using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Intuitively, the minimum available energy state is expected to correspond to the maximum lift to drag ratio angle of attack. This, however, is not the case here. Most interestingly, although only 2-d Trefftz plane data was used to obtain the exergy distribution across the individual wingtip vortices, the crossover point for the out of plane change from wake-like to jet-like wingtip vortex core axial flow (indicating the peak lift to drag ratio) is identified by the in-plane exergy distribution. This crossover point is not identifiable in the evaluation of any other characteristics calculated from in-plane quantities. Consequently, the exergy method holds promise as a metric for the improvement of aircraft performance through the reduction of lift induced drag.

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  Writing About My Adamantium Skeleton: Media Self-Assimilation Bolsters Grip Strength When Embodying a Personal Ideal

  Mitch Brown

  Body image research focuses on how ideal physical dimensions, purported by media and culture, may not be attainable for the average person. For men, that includes evolutionary indicators of physical prowess, such as heavy musculature and physical strength. Findings often indicate deleterious effects of such media on positive regard toward the self following comparison between self and ideal other. However, considerably less research concerns itself with men feeling part of the muscular ideal, thus buffering themselves from feelings of inadequacy. The current study addresses this concern through media self-assimilation (MSA), a process of imbuing oneself with characteristics of a media figure, thus "becoming" the character. We investigated how MSA with a personal ideal can bolster physical strength and self-perception. After participants provided baseline grip strength with a hand dynamometer and confidence in performing physical tasks, they engaged in an MSA experience. They wrote a first-person narrative account of themselves as either their favorite superhero or a superhero they did not like. Following MSA, participants gripped the dynamometer and reported their confidence again, along with body-esteem and attitudes regarding their performances in feats of strength. Participants' grip strength increased from baseline following MSA, but only with a favorite superhero. Confidence in performing a physical task was augmented by MSA. Results demonstrate how embodying a personal ideal bolsters a person's physical strength due to one's perception as being ideal themselves. Membership in the cultural ideal, regardless of personal meaningfulness, enhanced confidence in ability. Narratives served as a teleological proxy by creating a coherent view of the self as part of both a personal and cultural ideal.

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  Zero Structural Error Function Generating Mechanisms

  Hessein Ali

  A slider-crank mechanism consists of an input crankshaft, a connecting rod, and an output piston. As the crankshaft makes full rotations, the output piston produces periodic curves similar to a sine wave. A drag link mechanism consists of four links with the input and output links capable of making a complete rotation. Using the output of the drag link to drive the input of the slider-crank distorts the periodic output curve it produces. Function generation addresses the design of mechanisms to create desired output curves. As the addition of a single drag link to a slider-crank distorts the output curve a modest amount, the addition of a large number of drag links (with the output of one driving the input of the next) can distort the original curve a significant amount. This research aims to generate chains of drag link mechanisms connected to a final slider-crank device capable of producing any periodic curve. The match between the desired curve and the curve produced by the chain of mechanisms is called the structural error. As the chain of drag link mechanisms increases in number, the structural error reduces.

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  A Comparison of Common Diets for the Laboratory Culture of the Green Bottle Fly, Lucilia sericata

  Allissa M. Blystone, Mark A. Hawk, Alexandra E. Jacob, Clare A. Kelly, David Barry, Foraker Kling, John M. Riordan

  Blow flies from the family Calliphoridae, specifically Lucilia sericata, are important for both forensic science and medicinal applications. They serve as agents for post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation in forensics, and are used for maggot debridement therapy (MDT) in medicine. Forensic entomologists currently use several different methods for culture of organisms in laboratory settings. A common streamlined laboratory culture protocol for L. sericata would provide the entomology community a common basis for comparison of studies involving genetics, PMI estimation, and organism culture for medical uses. This study compares and reviews several common, simple diets and the effects of each diet on the survivorship and fecundity of L. sericata. The flies were cultured at 26 degrees Celsius, 30-40% humidity, on a 12 hour light/dark cycle, and fed one of nine diets. Analyses of the data revealed that the life span of the flies was extended, and a greater number of eggs per oviposition event were produced by females, when the organisms were fed a diet of honey water and bovine liver. We propose the use of this two-part diet as an optimal diet for laboratory culture of L. sericata.

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  A Cross Sectional Analysis of Returns to S&P Industry Groups Over the Trading Range Period,2011-2012.

  Catherine M. Moerman

  A missing element in the top down stock selection approach used by the UD Flyer Fund is the relative valuation of industry groups i.e. those groupings of firms below the sector level. In this study I analyze the relationship between returns to S&P industry groups and five different measures of relative valuation: (1) Price to Earnings (2) Price to Earnings (Forward) (3) Price to Book (4) Price to Cash Flow and (5) Price to Sales. Using a small but stratified sample of 18 industry groups (8 of 10 S&P sectors are represented), I regress returns on each of the relative valuation measures for two time periods: (1) 9-30-11 through 9-30-12 and (2) 12-31-11 through 9-30-12. I use R square, the B coefficients and their T statistics to measure the relationship between returns and the relative valuation measures.

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  Adsorption Behavior of Polyphenolic Proteins onto High Strength Steel (HY80) and 5083 Aluminum Alloys

  Lu Han

  Biopolymers containing chemical groups involved in the formation of adhesive bonds to various substrates (man-made or natural) can be easily found from organisms in nature. The biopolymers utilized by organisms in a process known as quinone tanning contain a unique catecholic amino acid, namely 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-dopa). It has the ability to chelate or couple to the metallic ions or metal oxides that are present at the metal-solution interface. The formation of an insoluble metallo-polymer complex by metal ion bridging at the surface that acts as a stabilizer of the oxide layer can inhibit the process of corrosion. This peculiar capability could be utilized as an environmentally friendly flash rust inhibitor when applied to high strength steels in a humid environment. In the present work, L-dopa containing biopolymers were isolated from the foot of the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L. There are five L-dopa containing proteins, named Mytilus edulis Foot Protein 1 through 5 (MeFP 1 through 5) with a wide range of molecular weights from 6-120kDa. The adsorption characteristics of these proteins onto high strength steel (HY80) and 5083 aluminum alloy were observed. The Bradford protein assay was used to detect the solution concentration of non-adsorbed protein onto either alloy. Langmuir isotherm calculations were made to determine the adsorption behavior based on the differences between the original protein concentration in solution at time zero and the protein concentration in solution at each time point. The optimal solution concentration for maximum substrate coverage onto the metal substrate was then determined. Results and data interpretation for the adsorption studies will be presented and discussed.

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  Aesthetic Evaluations and Emotional Responses Evoked by Paintings and Classical Music in Artists, Musicians, and Non-Experts

  Adam Barnas

  Most studies examining emotion have used either visual or auditory stimuli to evoke specific emotional responses. A limitation of using only visual or auditory stimuli is that these results are, in themselves, not easily generalized because a majority of real-life emotional experiences are a combination of both types of stimuli. Only recently have examinations of emotion used audiovisual displays of stimuli in their presentation, consisting of pictures of faces or humans paired with speech or classical music. Furthermore, most studies do not consider level of expertise, such as that of professional artists or musicians, which has been shown to affect cognitive processes such as memory and face recognition. Thus, it is logical to assume that the degree and quality of emotion evoked by a stimulus would also be affected by expertise. To this end, the present study examines the affect of expertise on aesthetic evaluations and emotional responses to auditory (music), visual (art), and audiovisual displays. Musicians, artists, and non-experts will be presented with emotion-eliciting visual and auditory stimuli, presented alone and together, and will report ratings of valence (whether the emotion is positive or negative), intensity of the emotion (weak or strong arousal), and several scales of aesthetics while an eye-tracker records physiological measures of ocular gaze (i.e., visual gaze path, fixation times, and pupil dilation). The use of eye-tracking equipment will add significant support to research on the effects of expertise on emotional and aesthetic responses to music and art, a research topic that has not relied on physiological measures in the past. The observations provided by subjective ratings in conjunction with physiological data will make important contributions to an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in emotional reactions and the processes involved in the appreciation of music and art.

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  An Application of Intercultural Communication Theories in the Spanish Workplace

  Kaitlyn E. Malson

  This research project examines intercultural communication as seen in a Spanish workplace, by looking at the application of certain intercultural communication theories in the context of Grupo SM's University of Dayton Publishing (UDP), an educational publishing company where people from Spain, Great Britain, Canada, and the United States co-create electronic and print learning materials for foreign language programs in the Spanish- speaking world. The communication theories I studied and later applied to UDP include William Gudykunst's Anxiety-Uncertainty Management Theory, Stella Ting-Toomey's Face-Negotiation Theory, Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory, and Edward Hall's theory of high context versus low context cultures and styles of communication. While interning for UDP, I conducted semi-structured interviews with my colleagues and then supplemented these interviews with ethnographic observations in order to determine whether the theories that I studied held up in a real-life atmosphere of cultural and linguistic bilingualism.

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  An Aronszajn Tree

  Chester E. Lian

  Contrary to the popular belief that "infinity is not a number; it's a concept," numbers that are not finite do exist. Mathematicians call them transfinite numbers. Just like ordinary numbers, some transfinite numbers are larger than others. This can be thought of as there being different levels of infinity, where some infinities are "more infinite" than others. If we draw a family tree in which every generation has finitely many offspring, and every chain of descendants is finite, then it is clear that we cannot have infinitely many family members. In the realm of the transfinite, things are not as intuitive: If we draw a family tree in which every generation has offspring at a certain level of infinity, and every chain of descendants is at that same level of infinity, it is possible (though not necessary) that the total number of family members is at a higher level of infinity.

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  An Automatic and Locally Tunable Transformation Function for Fog and Haze Removal in Aerial Imagery

  Sai Babu Arigela

  A new automatic image enhancement technique based on a locally tunable transformation function for visibility improvement in aerial images is presented. Aerial images usually suffer with poor visibility and contrast because of bad weather conditions like haze, fog, and turbid conditions. We propose a model based image restoration approach which uses a new nonlinear transfer function on luminance component to obtain the transmission map. The model assumes that the weather conditions include haze and fog particles. The amount of accumulation of haze/fog particles depends on the depth information of the scene. The local luminance image provides approximate depth information of haze/fog regions. Local multi scale Gaussian mean is used to estimate the approximate local depth image. A new nonlinear function which is locally adaptive based on the approximate local depth information is used to estimate the transmission map of the image. The haze free image can be restored from the haze image by estimating the transmission map and substitute in the model for each spectral band. Results from various experiments demonstrate that this technique can be used for various applications like traffic monitoring, weather observation, video surveillance, and security applications.

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  An Electrochemical Study of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)

  Rachel R. VanAtta

  The purpose of this research was to perform an electrochemical study on the novel amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenlyalanine (L-DOPA). Understanding the electrochemistry of L-DOPA would give insight into the electrochemistry of an adhesive protein isolated from the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L). Cyclic voltammetry scans were conducted on solutions containing buffer, iron, and varied amounts of L-DOPA at pH values equal to 4.5, 7.2, and 10.2. A plot of the peak potentials (Ep) was used to determine the stoichiometric ratios of L-DOPA to Iron (Fe). The solutions at pH values equal to 4.5, 7.2, and 10.2 were also analyzed spectophotometrically, and an absorbance plot was used to determine the stoichiometric ratios of L-DOPA to Iron. The data indicated that the Fe3+/(L-DOPA) complex exhibited an intricate stoichiometry, and the stoichiometric ratios calculated from the plots were similar to the values published in the literature for Iron-catechol complexes. Also, it was determined from the shape of the absorbance plot indicated a large formation constant (Kf). The peak potentials confirmed that Fe3+ was strongly complexed by L-DOPA. Further research will explore the electrochemistry of the blue mussel adhesive protein, and the findings from the Fe3+ (L-DOPA) complex will be used as a basis when investigating the metal complexing capability of the mussel protein.

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  A Pilot Study of the Effect of an Acute Vestibular Therapy on Postural Stability and Gaze Patterns of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

  Senia I. Smoot

  Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) struggle with sensory regulation, resulting in abnormal gaze patterns and decreased postural stability. Sensory integration (SI) therapy is a common therapy used to help children with ASD with these issues, however, there is insufficient quantitative research concerning its effectiveness. A pilot study is currently being conducted to quantify the acute effects of a SI vestibular treatment on postural stability and gaze patterns. Both children diagnosed with ASDs and typically developing children are participating in the study, and test methods include quiet standing posturography and analysis of socially relevant visual fixations recorded by a mobile eye tracking unit. The format of the study is a pretest/posttest and the selected SI therapy was a vestibular swing. This ongoing pilot study is designed to ascertain experimental feasibility, data collection procedures, data trends, and sample size requirements for larger, future studies.

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  A Proposed Study of Online Flirting

  Jasmine L. Smith

  Behaviors exhibited while online differ radically from behaviors exhibited while offline (Suler, 2004). Research suggests that this difference in behaviors results from online disinhibition (OD) while engaging in computer-mediated communication (CMC) (Suler, 2004). One way that OD may influence behaviors is through its impact on disinhibited online flirting. Flirting outside of a dyadic romantic relationship was found to have a detrimental impact on romantic relationships (Kalbfleisch, 1993). Due to this finding and the immense use of internet among college students the first goal of this research is to provide a basis of information on the amount of online flirting, how online flirting occurs, and the impact of online flirting among college-age students. The second goal of this research will be to understand participants' perception of how detrimental the impact of online flirting would be on their romantic relationship compared to offline flirting. Based upon previous research on this topic, our main prediction is that online flirting will be perceived to have a lowered level of detriment to a romantic relationship versus offline flirting due to an informal understanding of disinhibited online behavior that results from personal internet use. This study will also be assessing the impact of public versus private online flirting on a romantic relationship. Based upon previous research, we are predicting that public online flirting, such as flirting through a Facebook wall post, will lead to a lower perception of detriment on a romantic relationship than private flirting, through a private message. Overall, this study will attempt to fill the void in research devoted to online behaviors and help in understanding of the effects of online flirting and how it differs in its impact on romantic relationships compared to offline flirting.

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  A Quantitative Approach to Selecting Industry Groups within Sectors for Investment: The Case for Relative Strength and Capture Ratio Analysis

  Christine A. Ferry, Rachel J. Kilbury

  There are 10 S&P sectors and 212 industry groups within these sectors. The industry groups represent a similar mix of stocks in terms of what they reduce and sale. In this study we use relative strength and capture ratio analysis to determine which industry groups are likely to outperform the market. We use 4 industry groups each from the consumer discretionary and healthcare sectors to test our models. Based on relative strength indexes, the first model evaluates whether the most undervalued industry groups outperform their sectors. In the second model, capture ratios in period t are used to evaluate industry group performance in period t + 1. Since the relative strength indexes and capture ratios are calculated on a monthly basis, we will evaluate both models on a monthly, quarterly, and yearly basis for the period 2008-2012.

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  Assessment of Alternatives Effects and Choosing the Optimized Demand Response Capacity of Automatic Lighting System

  Seyed Ataollah Raziei

  Demand response (DR) programs seek to adjust the normal consumption patterns of electric power consumers in response to incentive payments that are offered by utility companies in order to induce lower consumption at peak hours and when the power system reliability is at risk. Given the fact that lighting systems consume about 20-35% of the total energy used in buildings, addressing this shortcoming is an important research problem. Therefore, we propose to take a systematic optimization-based approach to assess demand response capacity of automatic lighting control systems in commercial and residential buildings. Our model takes into account a variety of important systems parameters, such as the building layout, the location, power consumption, and illumination level of luminaires, information collected from daylight and occupancy sensors, illumination requirements of each spot on the layout based on the type of consumer usage, user comfort that is modeled in form of user-specific utility functions, and finally the on/off as well as dimming control capabilities of the installed luminaires. We show that, under some practical conditions, the formulated optimization problems are convex; therefore, computationally tractable. Using a variety of simulations we will investigate the optimal demand response capacities for various building layouts and different distributions of luminaires. We will also investigate the financial advantages of participating in demand response programs using automatic lighting control for both commercial and residential buildings.

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  Automatic Scene Rendering for Unmanned Aerial Systems

  Yakov Diskin

  We present a 3D reconstruction technique designed to support an autonomously navigated unmanned aerial system (UAS). The algorithm presented focuses on the 3D reconstruction of a scene using images from a single moving camera and can be used to construct a point cloud model of unknown areas. The reconstruction process, resulting in a point cloud model is computed using a feature point matching process and depth triangulation analysis, is a six step process. The first step is feature extraction from each frame of video; a neighborhood-magnitude-direction dependent matching procedure is applied to track feature points through subsequent frames. The distance a feature point travels, in pixels, becomes the feature disparity which can be translated into depth. The Cartesian depth coordinate, in the z direction, is determined using the disparity values, while the x and y coordinates are determined using the focal length information of the camera. The process consists of determining the size of the image at a particular depth and computing the width and height, x and y directions, for each feature point. The final output is a point cloud, a collection of points accurately positioned within a model. With enough points, surfaces and textures can be added to create a realistic model. An autonomous navigation control system utilizes the resulting visually reconstructed scene, centered at the current camera location, to either register its position within a known 3D model, or for obstacle avoidance and area exploration while mapping an unknown environment. The presented reconstruction algorithm forms a foundation for computer vision self-positioning techniques within a known environment without the use of GPS or any other sensor. The suitability of the reconstruction for mapping tasks is to be evaluated using ground-truth measurements of actual objects.

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  Beam steering by KTN crystal(Potassium tantalate niobate)

  Hongwei Chen

  My research is an experimental study of an optical beam steering phenomenon based on EO effect and space-charge-controlled electrical condition. A large deflection angle is expected by applying a relatively low voltage to a 0.5-mm-thick KTN crystal with a short interaction length of 5.0 mm. In theory, the electrical condition is carrired by electrons injected from the Ohmic contact of the electrodes. The injected electrons induce the space-charge effect and the electrical field becomes uniform while the electrical field has a square root dependence on the distance from the cathode. So, a linearly graded refracted index is induced and the optical beam is cumulatively deflected as it propagates in the crystal.

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  Beta 2 Tubulin Amino Acids Required for Spermtail Axoneme Function

  George H. Neubauer

  Evolutionary changes in organism traits are primarily caused by random genetic mutations in their amino acid codons that end up altering the proteins produced. The main question of researchers is how changes occur that will give a protein a new function without detrimentally affecting the original function of the protein in the organism. Beta 2 tubulin in Drosophila is an ideal model to study this question because it has a very sensitive structure/function relationship. Drosophila contains two main types of tubulin: Beta 1 which is found in the majority of cells and testes specific Beta 2. These proteins differ in only a few amino acids, however Beta 1 is unable to support the function of Beta 2. The proposed continues study of what allows Beta 2 to make a spermtail when Beta 1 cannot. I will investigate a synergistic interaction between amino acids 29, 55, and 57 of the testes specific Beta 2 tubulin protein in Drosophila by exchanging Beta 1 codons with Beta 2 identity at these sites to generate a chimeric Beta 1-Beta 2 tubulin (TGARC). The ability of TGARC to support spermtail axoneme function will be determined through fertility studies, protein expression analysis, sperm tail length comparisons, and axoneme cross sectional comparisons using TEM.

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  Bidirectional Beam Propagation Method for Second-Harmonic Generation in Engineered Multilayer Photonic Bandgap Structures

  Han Li

  The transfer matrix method (TMM) has been used to analyze plane wave and beam propagation through linear photonic bandgap structures. Here, we apply TMM to determine the exact spatial behavior of TE and TM waves in periodic refractive index nonlinear structures of arbitrary thickness. First, we extend the TMM approach to analyze plane wave propagation through Kerr type nonlinear media. Secondly, In the second order nonlinearity case, the proposed TMM takes into consideration reflections and the interferences between the forward and backward-propagating waves but the nonlinear process is assumed to be weak so that the pump wave is unaffected by the nonlinear process thus the undepleted approximation. Finally in the second order nonlinearity case, the TMM is applied to study beam propagation in such media by applying the TMM to its angular spectrum components.

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  Brain Machine Interface Using Electroencephalograph Data as Control Signals for a Robotic Arm

  Kelly Cashion, Carly A. Gross

  Brain machine interface (BMI) also known as brain computer interface (BCI) is a field of research that has been explored in varying degrees throughout the last few decades. Initial research used invasive technology in order to read the signals from the human brain. These systems required surgery in order to connect the subjects to the sensors. Recent trends have moved toward non-invasive systems that make use of non-invasive physiological sensors such as electroencephalographs (EEG). EEG systems use a number of electrodes to read electrical signals on the scalp caused by brain activity. The patterns generated by certain thoughts can be classified and recognized by a BMI system using machine learning algorithms. These classified patterns can then be encoded as commands to prompt a certain response from a computer or machine. The completed system allows for control of the connected device using thought as the only input. The possible uses for a BMI system are as varied as the designs of computer programs and computer controlled devices. One of the most noteworthy applications of BMIs is in the field of medicine. BMIs offer the tools for the disabled to interact with the world, even if they are suffering from severe nerve damage between their brain and original limbs. In the case of a lost or paralyzed limb, BMIs offer the potential for patients to use a robotic limb, controlled with their natural thought patterns, to interact with the world. BMIs also offer potential modes of communication for patients who have no other way to convey their thoughts. With these applications in mind, this research focuses on control of a robotic arm using a 14-electrode EEG headset. Both pure EEG signals and electromyography (EMG) signals are encoded as controls for six possible actions performed by the robotic arm.

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  Bridging the Gap: Identity Crises and Self-Authorship of Veterans in Higher Education

  Todd K. Schilling

  Public and private institutions have seen one of the greatest influxes of veterans using their veteran benefits since World War II (DiRamio & Jarvis, 2011). Veterans enter higher education with a diverse, individualistic background and experience, and encounter a number of issues that traditional students do not experience. The purpose of this study was to explore the various ways that veterans' transition into higher education, as well as their ability to make meaning of their military experience. The research questions guiding this study were: (a) what are the identity crises and transitions that veterans experience when enrolling in college; (b) how do veterans make meaning of their military experience and use it in their new role as a student? The participants in this study consisted of veterans of the United States Military currently attending college. In one hour semi-structured interviews, participants shared their military background as well as their experiences in higher education. Participants also reflected on their military experiences and how they led them to their current role as students. Findings suggested that veterans experience college differently than the traditional student and feel that, due to their military experience, they have a different understanding and appreciation for higher education. Higher education professionals working with veterans may benefit from the study results because it provides a first-hand insight into personal experiences of veterans. They will be able to understand the difficulty of their transition and explore new practices to better serve this unique category of students.

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  Building and Supporting Faculty & Student-Athlete Relationships

  Jenifer L. Gerard

  Previous research has demonstrated the benefits to part-time faculty when strong partnerships are fostered within the campus community. Additionally, past studies have highlighted the effects of positive relationships between faculty and student-athletes. This presentation provides new faculty (particularly adjunct and part-time) with a better understanding of the diversity within the student-athlete population at the University of Dayton, as well as the role that The Office of Academic Services for Student-Athletes (OASSA) takes in assisting students during their transition into intercollegiate athletics and the college experience, while ensuring that all student-athletes work toward successful completion of a baccalaureate degree, meeting requirements set by NCAA and other governing bodies. Through a review of relevant literature, the presenter identifies ways to build productive relationships between adjunct and part-time faculty and the community of approximately 400 student-athletes who represent the University of Dayton in 17 Division I sports while pursuing studies across a wide variety of majors. This presentation will also propose an agenda for a future open house hosted by OASSA which will allow faculty, OASSA staff, and student-athletes to meet in order to build and strengthen partnerships in learning.

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  Characteristics of Emotion for Paintings and Classical Music

  Adam Barnas

  While listening to music, people emit a variety of responses which can be physiological, cognitive, and physical in nature. The likelihood of eliciting these responses, however, depends largely on the type of emotion that the music is conveying. Therefore, music excerpts need to be categorized by the emotion they convey in order to accurately study how humans respond to music. Furthermore, theories of aesthetics, which concern the study of beauty and art, have emphasized the role of art in evoking, shaping, and modifying human feelings. Recently, researchers are becoming more interested in emotions and art, and a standardized set of emotional stimuli (e.g., paintings) will be beneficial in providing appropriate stimuli for future studies of art and emotions. The present research was aimed at categorizing classical musical and paintings based on characteristics of emotion, such as valence (whether the emotion is positive or negative), arousal (high or low intensity), and dominance (whether the emotion is controlling or dominating), as well as familiarity. Well-detailed and informative databases will be created for use in future experimental investigations of emotion, music, art, aesthetics, and attention. At the present time, there exist such databases for emotional photographs, sounds, and words, but not for paintings or classical music. Participants rated 39 excerpts of classical music and 60 paintings using the Self Assessment Manikin (Bradley & Lang, 1994), a 9-point, non-verbal pictorial ("figure") rating system that directly assesses affective reaction to emotional stimuli. Mean ratings of the characteristics of emotions were calculated for each painting and musical excerpt and will be used to select stimuli for use in future studies. The existence of collections of standardized stimuli that have been rated for emotion allow better management in the selection of stimuli and encourage more exact replications across research labs.

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  Characterization of Emissions from the Combustion of a Selected Surrogate for Aviation Fuels

  Giacomo Flora

  In this study, emissions from a surrogate of aviation fuel components have been characterized. The proposed surrogate includes n-dodecane and m-xylene with 75% and 25% by liquid volume, respectively. The combustion was investigated behind reflected shock waves to obtain ignition delay times and quantify yields of a range of stable combustion products including volatile gases, aldehydes, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and soot. The experimental conditions covered a temperature range of ~980-1500 K, at pressures of 18 atm, at an equivalence ratio of 3, using argon as the diluent (93 % vol). In all experiments, dwell times were kept in the range of 7.55-7.85 ms by using a suitable argon-helium mixture as the driver gas. The collected gas samples from shock tube experiments were analyzed using GC-TCD for light gases and GC-MS was used for aldehydes, volatiles and semi-volatiles. The mass of the collected particulate matter (PM) was determined via the temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) / carbon burn-off method. The present work provides comprehensive emissions characterization data for the validation of combustion kinetic models, and valuable comparisons for selecting future alternate jet fuels based on their emissions

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  Child and Family Influences on Parent's Utilization of Children's Mental Health Services

  Emily M. Wilhelm

  Approximately 20% of children in the United States develop some kind of behavioral or psychological problem that requires treatment, but the majority of these children do not receive mental health services. This study examines the relationships between various child and family characteristics and the likelihood that a parent will seek professional mental health services for their child. Previous studies have found that many factors, including family income, child gender, and parent education level are associated parents' utilization of children's mental health service. However, these studies have not tested whether these factors are associated with service utilization over-and-above the influence of symptom severity. The purpose of the study is to identify factors beyond symptom severity that are associated with a parent's decision to seek services for their child. The factors being investigated are child age, gender, family income, family stress, parental separation, and severity and type of problem exhibited by the child. The study utilizes previously collected longitudinal data from a community study of child development. Findings from this research will improve understanding of influences on utilization of mental health programs or interventions for children.