Stander Symposium Projects

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  The Implementation of Solar Prairies Affects Ecosystem Structure

  Lauren Corrigan, Emily Berkshire, Victoria Jacobs, Madeleine Cachat, Palmer Lambert

  Solar power is increasing in Ohio. There is little research on how the development of solar arrays affect ecological processes. Additionally, there is interest in making the area underneath solar arrays useful habitat by planting native plants underneath. Here we investigated how a solar prairie affects ecosystem structure (plant biomass, litter mass, canopy cover, and soil properties) by comparing a developed solar field with a prairie underneath to two mowed lawns that the City of Dayton is considering developing solar at. We found that the solar prairie created more canopy cover, increased plant biomass, and indirectly created more litter mass all while maintaining suitable soil conditions. These are all conditions that create microclimates for organisms to thrive. The other two sites containing only open, manicured fields had less canopy cover, plant biomass, and litter mass but did also contain suitable soil conditions. Creating a solar prairie can enhance ecosystem structure, and be a useful habitat for organisms that may colonize the area.

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  The Importance of Event Marketing in the Entertainment Industry

  Alissa Pampena

  The aim of this research is to gain insight from professionals in the industry of sports marketing, achieve hands-on experience within my role at UD, and ultimately, to implement the information received to both my current and future roles proficiently in my professional livelihood. Additionally, to provide others with research to discover new parts of the sports marketing industry that may be unfamiliar otherwise. The overarching focus of this presentation is the significance of fan loyalty, as well as media presence in modern sports.

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  The Influence of Italian Food and Architecture

  Erika Christie, Jenna Borrelli, Connor Fritzsche

  Part of a course project on intercultural communication, which can be expressed and studied in myriad ways. The students of CMM 316.01 investigated various forms of cultural expression by comparing and contrasting the ways a particular form is used by multiple cultural groups. Specifically, each group researched and presented about the ways food, music, festivals, rituals, dance, clothing, and other artifacts communicate cultural identity in at least two different cultures.

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  The Intermediate and Mean Value Theorems with Open Intervals and Infinity

  William Woidat

  This presentation serves as an analysis of the Intermediate and Mean Value Theorems in Calculus. Included in the analysis is the observation of whether or not these theorems hold true when considering functions over open intervals rather than closed intervals, as well as functions involving infinity. Along with a series of proofs of the theorems under different criteria, an analysis of how these theorems depend on other theorems is posited.

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  The Intersection Between Preferred News Source, Region, and Importance Level of Community Involvement

  Annette Klausing, Yana Crossland, Tania Chanda

  It is no secret that the rise of social media platforms and how they affect the public has been a topic of interest to academics and the average person. In the past presidential election cycle (particularly in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic), there has been much discourse surrounding the interaction between social media and the sharing of information, credibility of news sources, community involvement, and political discourse. Using publicly available data through the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (2013), this study aims to look for differences in personal importance of the level of community involvement based on preferred political news sources, as well as examine the relationship between reported importance of the level of community involvement and region.

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  The Miscasting of Annabel Christopher: Agency, Archetype, and Reproduction in The Public Image

  Tess Poe-Slade

  Muriel Spark’s 1968 novella, The Public Image, follows celebrity Annabel Christopher as she tries to save her reputation from post-humous sabotage designed by her husband Frederick. The novella has been regarded by feminists, literary scholars, and critics as an exploration of a shallow actress motivated by vapidity. However, I argue that such a reading of Annabel and The Public Image ignores the ways in which Spark plays with the idea of archetype in order to emphasize the social imperative of breaking sexist scripts. Further, I will explore the ways in which The Public Image is one of many examples of Spark both following and breaking generic conventions as a means of social commentary. Spark is regarded for her sharp style and dark humor, often taking common tropes to their darkest extremes. In following these deeply ordinary conventions in such a manner, Spark is able to demonstrate the disturbing implications of these conventions. My research examines Spark’s The Public Image, The Driver’s Seat and its film adaptation in conversation with Spark’s speech “The Desegregation of Art,” focusing specifically on Spark’s use of generic conventions to provoke social change through a reclamation of agency.

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  The Moral Courage Project Presents, "UnHousing: Claiming the Human Right to Home"

  Ifeanyichukwu Nwanoro, Josie Forsthoff, Veronica Bernacki, Anna Luepke, Liliana Busic, Meredith Robinson, Amariá Jones, Sarah Behnke, Sofia Garcia, Reagan Miller, Havana Glover, Grace Hungerford, Ahmi' Moore, Eryk Charlton, Olivia Shirk, Jayonna Johnson

  For the fourth cycle of the Moral Courage Project, a team of undergraduate students conducted fieldwork in Oakland, California and learned about the housing crisis from activists and organizers on the frontlines. Our team interviewed and photographed individuals who creatively and boldly build sustainable solutions to problems like gentrification, displacement, affordability, and eviction. The communities we encountered compel us all to re-think how we understand housing and propose collective ways to secure permanent shelter. In this presentation, we will share the materials we produced including the newest season of our podcast, "Moral Courage Radio," and an exhibition. The Moral Courage Project is a program of the UD Human Rights Center and its partner, PROOF: Media for Social Justice.

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  The post-Soviet Collapse and the American perspective on Eastern European economic Transition in the 1990s

  Brant Bolton

  The post-Soviet Collapse and the American perspective on Eastern European economic Transition in the 1990s.The economic, governmental, and social changes experienced by Eastern Europeans during the approaching Soviet Collapse in the late 1980s were caused by the democratization of the Soviet administration. The progressive Reforms brought by Mikhail Gorbachev, led to political strains between the Central Soviet government and the republics which made up the Eastern Block. Mikhail Gorbachev dissolved the USSR in 1991 and resined as Cremlin; this caused a massive shift in world politics since the USSR, a world Superpower, ceased to exist. This was a time referred to as Transition; the paper will examine the American media's portrayal of the Eastern European Transition. This presentation/paper will deliver the narrative that political Liberal and Conservative based newspapers used the dynamic of Eastern European Transition to extend into American-based political arguments targeted at the economic decisions of former Soviet countries. Using newspaper archives from 1989 through 1999, by the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and The Bussines Insider, we can see both debates. The issue of German reunification became a primary issue for liberals debating that accepting other Eastern Europeans as ethnic Germans and accepting them as citizens was a moral right since Stalin removed them in the late 1940s. Conservatives speaking about the same event labeled it as poor administrative practice since becoming a German citizen gives them access to Gracious social services, such as housing, retirement pay, food, and mounthly allowances. The conservative narrative focused on Germany's poor economy due to incorporating East Germany and the social safety net provided by the government, as well as increasing the median wage they argued was poor administrative practice and economic practice.

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  The pros and cons of conspecifics; How predator exposure impacts anti-predator behavior in platyfish between the sexes

  Lauren Roy, Emma Nash, Elizabeth Rhodes, Grace Jackson

  Antipredator behavior often fits into three categories: escape, aggression, and freezing. There are multiple studies which point to differences in these responses between males and females. Rainbow Platys are an excellent model organism for this study, as they are sexually dimorphic and very active, allowing us to clearly see behavioral differences. We studied antipredator behavior of males alone, females alone, and both together when temporarily exposed to a predator threat. We recorded behavior both before and after a simulated predator threat. It is important to understand how individual and conspecific interactions affect a fish's ability to successfully evade predators, and to examine the differences and similarities between male and female behavior in anti-predator maneuvers. Sex differences in antipredator behavior is extremely important because males and females act in different ways when introduced to a predator. We found that, after predator exposure, female Platys spend significantly more time frozen than compared to males. We also found that, after a predator stimulus, males spend more time freezing when alone compared to when they are with a female.

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  The Rainbow (Darter) Connection: Darter population and diversity as bioindicators in the Dayton area

  Lauren Roy

  The conditions of water quality in our rivers and waterways drastically impacts the organisms inhabiting them, with low water quality, reducing the fitness of the individual in many ways. It is important to both understand and document the conditions organisms are in.To better understand the impacts of water quality on the organisms in their environment, I went out to the five rivers surrounding Dayton and performed catch-and-release field work on Darters, which are part of the Etheostomatinae family. Darters are a very common Ohio river fish that are excellent indicators of water quality due to their intolerance of pollution. The quality of the water that these darters are living in varies greatly, as both outfalls into the river and wastewater treatment plants can release water full of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and various metals. I used a seine net to catch the darters, identify the species and sex as well as take measurements of their length and weight to compare to other sites that vary in water quality parameters. I also collected macroinvertebrates along a restoration site on the wolf creek river to assess the quality of the water before the restoration occurs, and to match macroinvertebrate abundance to darter abundance. The data collected will provide information on darter populations, diversity, and success in correlation with outfalls and wastewater output in the Dayton area, reflecting the overall quality of the local ecosystem.

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  The Role Extralegal Factors Have on Convictions

  Shane McGriff

  The United States of America's justice system has grown to become a very flawed and biased system over time. There are issues in certain parts of the justice system that are more flawed than others, such as the connection between rehabilitation and mental health, and the 'mandatory minimum sentences' that come with certain offenses. Additionally, extralegal factors can be unintentionally used negatively to determine the sentence length for convictions. The possibility of these disparities leave room to disprove the idea that all men/women are treated equally under the eyes of the law. Research studies can pinpoint connections and patterns between sentence length and extra-legal factors. In this study I plan to examine the Survey of Prison Inmates from 2016 to do just that, to find these connection and patterns in the American prison system. For this study I will use a negative binomial regression to see the effect that each characteristic of the independent variables has on the dependent variable.

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  The Sensationalization of Domestic Abuse: Televised Celebrity Trials

  Madlyn Hansen

  In 2016, after being married for just over a year, Amber Heard filed for divorce from her then-husband Johnny Depp, citing irreconcilable differences. Heard was granted a temporary restraining order against Depp after alleging he had physically abused her throughout their fifteen-month-long marriage. The following year, Heard wrote an op-ed for The Washington Post titled “I spoke up against sexual violence — and faced our culture’s wrath. That has to change.”, in which she discusses being abused in her lifetime and urges others to fight against sexual violence perpetrated against women. Depp sued Heard in 2019 for $50 million on claims of defamation despite never being mentioned by name in the piece. Depp lost this case and requested an appeal but was denied. In April of 2022, Court TV announced that they would be televising the $100 million libel suit between Depp and Heard. This televised trial of public figures granted everyday citizens a look into a libel case with domestic abuse being claimed by both parties. Immediately after the first hearing, thousands of videos containing uninformed opinions began circulating around social media platforms like TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram that would continue to be made throughout the trial. Following the verdict, journalist Jon Lafayette reports that “the verdict in the … trial drew more than 500,000 viewers to Court TV, the largest audience since the network was relaunched by the E.W. Scripps Co. in 2019.” It is arguable that Court TV’s decision to televise the case was in some part informed by their need and want for higher viewership. Televising the case of Depp vs. Heard and other celebrity trials surrounding domestic abuse can create an environment for victims that discourages speaking out, getting help, or seeking justice.

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  The Size Effect Hypothesis, Market Volatility and S&P 500 Sector Stock Returns: An Empirical Study, 2018-2022

  Breanne Greene, Mary Tully

  The size effect hypothesis states that small cap portfolios will outperform large cap portfolios over extended periods of time. In this study, because of the increased market volatility in recent years, we argue the hypothesis should be reversed i.e., portfolios of less risky large cap stocks will outperform more risky portfolios of small cap stocks. To prove or disprove our argument, we construct large and small cap portfolios across 8 S&P 500 sectors and compare their returns over the 5 year period 2018-2022. The 8 S&P 500 sectors are: (1) consumer staples, (2), consumer discretionary, (3) health care, (4) industrials, (5) information technology, (6) real estate, (7) communications, and (8) financials.

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  The Size Effect Hypothesis, Market Volatility and S&P 500 Sector Stock Returns: An Empirical Study, 2018-2022

  Breanne Greene, Mary Tully

  The size effect hypothesis states that small cap portfolios will outperform large cap portfolios over extended periods of time. In this study, because of the increased market volatility in recent years, we argue the hypothesis should be reversed i.e., portfolios of less risky large cap stocks will outperform more risky portfolios of small cap stocks. To prove or disprove our argument, we construct large and small cap portfolios across 8 S&P 500 sectors and compare their returns over the 5 year period 2018-2023. The 8 S&P 500 sectors are: (1) consumer staples, (2) consumer discretionary, (3) health care, (4) industrials, (5) information technology (6) real estate (7) communications and (8) financials.

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  The Snuffed Critique of Modernity: Adapting Brideshead Revisited for the Twenty-First Century

  Caitlin Spicer

  This thesis is an effort to understand the operation of divine grace in Evelyn Waugh’s famous queer and Catholic novel, Brideshead Revisited. I focus on the final pages and scenes of the original novel and the 2008 film adaptation, and I argue that they take different approaches to the final moments. I examine how each portrays divine grace in the lives of the characters in connection to Catholicism and the contrast of romance and religion at the center of each work. I argue that the novel holds the flame of faith at its center while the film ignites the spark of romance at the core: this difference matters because the film loses Waugh’s essential critique of the movement toward secularism in the modern world. This research fits into the critical conversation surrounding Brideshead Revisited and its 2008 film adaptation in that my argument takes on the sentiment of Gallagher and Colebatch in their criticism of the film—particularly of the treatment of God as the villain and the overarching theme of guilt that is not prevalent in the novel—while considering the question of conversion that Mooneyham presents. I claim that the 2008 film deviates significantly from the original novel, becoming a representation of the modern and secular world which is exactly what Waugh was afraid of.

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  The Stitt Scholars Program: Experiential Learning as a Tool for Transdisciplinary Deep Collaboration

  Abigail Swensen, George Meinert, Hong Anh Chu, Loring Leitzel, Tanner Hamilton, Melissa Oei, Ryan Grant, Gwendolyn Meiring, Christian Reynolds, Rachel Balaj, Harley Beaulieu, Gavin Mchale, Liam Schroeder, Joan Considine

  Entrepreneurs and startup companies typically have needs but sometimes lack the resources to execute them promptly. This could delay a product or service launch, leading to a missed opportunity to gain market share. Some of the needs are beyond their expertise and may require transdisciplinary teams to help them reach the next level. To help the startup companies and entrepreneurs in Dayton, the Stitt Scholars Program was instituted to provide opportunities for transdisciplinary teams to work with entrepreneurs and startup companies to provide value while learning about innovation and entrepreneurship. This session presents the framework of the program and analyzes the feedback from the major stakeholders. Student teams will present about some of the projects they have worked on during the 2022/23 academic year. During the academic year, the students in the program maintain their regular course load and put in 10 hours of work each week. They work on projects for and with entrepreneurs at the HUB (powered by the PNC Bank). The students are paid from the program’s fund donated by Jim and Carol Stitt. During the 2021/22 academic year, the students’ work helped to secure financial support from the PNC Bank to support minority-owned businesses in the greater west Dayton area. The program’s success also led to a donation of $100,000 to the program. Generally, the students have enhanced their communication, leadership, and problem-solving skills. Most students indicated that the program helps them critically review problems and communicate effectively in transdisciplinary teams. Additionally, the clients expressed satisfaction with the students’ work ethics and the quality of project deliverables.

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  The Theory Behind the Cape: The Ethics of DC Comics' Superman in Relation to Nietzsche's Moral Super-man

  Mary Newman

  For this project, the main question I set out to answer was is the DC Comic character Superman an accurate representation of Nietzsche’s Super-man theory? In his work Thus Spoke Zarathustra which was published in four volumes throughout the 1880s, Nietzsche explored the idea of a moral exemplar who would rise above other moral theories and create a new, superior set of morals for all humans. Nietzsche titled this moral exemplar the Übermensch, or Super-man. Beyond the name relation, it felt appropriate to analyze Superman’s ethics because Superman is a popular public figure that is often seen as a force of good with a strong moral compass, a seemingly perfect candidate to rise above humans and lead them to better morals as Nietzsche’s moral exemplar does. Superman’s dual identity as both a human, Clark Kent, and superhero also allows for a unique comparison between what ethics he has an ordinary citizen versus as a superhero. I argue that while Superman does meet some of Nietzsche’s criteria for the moral exemplar, such as Superman having an ethical advancement beyond Clark Kent, he does not meet all of them because Superman does not wish for all of humanity to adopt his ethics. Superman also differs from Nietzsche’s Super-man in that he never developed his ethical code with the intention to lead humanity into a new moral era, so while Superman may advance past typical human ethics, he does so with the intention of him being an exception not a leader which does not align with Nietzsche’s Super-man.

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  The Transition to a Renewable Energy Electric Grid in the Caribbean Island Nation of Antigua and Barbuda

  Patrick Hoody

  Most nations in the Caribbean rely largely on fossil fuels, specifically diesel, for power generation. The dual-island nation of Antigua and Barbuda does not differ in any manner from this, relying for 93% of its electricity on diesel generated electricity. Although small island states are responsible for only a vanishingly small amount of historical greenhouse gas emissions, as climate change continues to increase in severity, it is important for all nations to address the root of the issue by decreasing their carbon footprints. Fossil fuel prices have also been rising for some time, and there is little chance that this trend will stop. It will be beneficial to nations such as Antigua and Barbuda to transition to renewable energy to decrease electricity prices and help the fight against climate change. Nations in the Caribbean heavily favor renewables that rely on solar energy because of the daily sunshine all year long. The renewable energy technologies that are most economical and favorable to the region include wind energy and both solar photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP). This latter technology has rarely been considered for the region but could represent an important option. A model was developed to determine how much of certain technologies would be needed if the energy sector were to be redesigned and to be reliant on renewable energy rather than fossil fuels. This new system will also require energy storage such as utility-scale batteries and thermal storage used with CSP. Different combinations of technologies can accomplish this, but finding the best for each nation is the main purpose of this model.

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  The Values of Modern Eugenics

  James Leftwich

  The Values of Modern Eugenics In this project I will compare the values that influenced the eugenics movement of the early 1900s and the current movement to eradicate certain syndromes. I examine the work of Charles Davenport who was extremely influential in the Eugenics movement in the US. He was motivated by the goals of bettering humanity to create a super-race, solving social problems such as prostitution, alcoholism, criminality, and eliminating mental and bodily illnesses. He believed he could achieve them by means of forced sterilization, to prevent undesirable traits from being passed on to the next generation, and antiimmigration laws, to prevent immigration of people deemed inferior. These goals and the means for achieving them were based on the value of the superior Nordic European type of people, the ideal of an able body and mind, and a productive and efficient society. I compare the case of eugenics with the current movements to eradicate phenotypes that my lead to mental or bodily illnesses. I examine a famous program from Iceland that uses pre-natal screening technologies to help expecting mothers to test their fetuses for the Down syndrome and then decide whether to abort them. The program has nearly eradicated babies with the Down syndrome. This program is not mandatory. Supporters of the program argue that it makes the lives of the parents easier and helps to eliminate the financial burden on parents, especially those who cannot afford the extra care needed. I show that the values that underlie this program are trying to decrease the perceived burden these illnesses pose on society. I conclude by showing that the current programs to eradicate undesired syndromes assume values that are like the eugenics movement, but are dissimilar due to being voluntary, yet social expectations incentivize participation in them.

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  The Vulnerable Dark Triad and Empathy: Two Moderated-Mediation Models

  Elizabeth Bond

  The vulnerable dark triad (VDT) is a group of maladaptive personality styles consisting of vulnerable narcissism, secondary psychopathy, and borderline personality disorder, which has been found to be associated with empathic deficits. Past research has investigated a wide range of factors that may contribute to these deficits, such as alexithymia (the inability to identify or describe one’s own emotions), an invalidating childhood environment, negative mood state, anxiety, and self-compassion. However, a cohesive model linking these factors together has not yet been developed and investigated. The current study tested two moderated-mediation models with the goal of further understanding the association between the VDT and empathic deficits. In the first model, we hypothesized that alexithymia would mediate the relationship between the VDT and empathy (HY1), and that invalidating childhood environment would moderate the path from the VDT to alexithymia (HY2). In the second model, we hypothesized that negative mood states and state anxiety would mediate the relationship between the VDT and empathy (HY3), and that state self-compassion would moderate the path from the VDT to negative mood states and state anxiety. These models were tested using a college student sample of 236 participants who completed a collection of self-report measures online. Results partially supported Hypothesis 1, as alexithymia was found to mediate the relationship between both BPD tendencies and vulnerable narcissism, and affective empathy. The results of remaining mediation and moderated-mediation analyses did not support Hypotheses 2, 3, or 4.

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  The Wedding at Cana

  Sarah West, Kristeena Bright, Liana Yara

  Students in the CMM 357 Religious Rhetoric course were given the choice to choose a statue, building, space/place on campus that is marked as a religious text/artifact or propose a new object of visual rhetoric in order to analyze using the rhetorical theories from class. Thier analyses employ a variety of rhetorical theories and concepts discussed in class during the semester. Each group collaborated to answer the question: how does this artifact/text rhetorically communicate and construct religious identity at UD?

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  Think Fast Before You Jump

  Caleb Hoch, Gretchen Obergefell

  We will explore fire safety techniques for multistory buildings. In order to problem solve we will incorporate the physics topics of impulse and momentum. Students will have to explore the mathematical inverse relationship between force and time. Students will explore the safety of families when escaping a burning building. Students will have to design a device that can decrease the force or increase the impact time. This device must be able to support the fall of a family of two adults and two children from the average height of a two story window. This will help students connect the physics concept of impulse to real-world situations and help others.

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  Tilt Angle Optimization for Bifacial Solar in an Array for Every County of the United States

  Sidhanth Venkatasubramaniam, Sabin Satheesh

  In the 21st century, governments worldwide are striving to become more reliant on renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, address climate change, and decrease their carbon footprint. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is gaining more attention, despite PV panels consuming significant land resources, while expanding populations require more land for agriculture. In this research, we focus on bifacial solar panels, as they generate relatively high power per square area, reducing the payback period. Bifacial panels can convert the irradiances falling on both the front and back surfaces into electricity. Although there are many studies in the field of tilt optimization and types of PV panels used, there is a lack of research focusing on a bifacial panel array. Our primary objective is to develop a model of bifacial panels to predict the power generated, and our secondary objective is to use that model to find the optimum tilt for every county in the United States and explore the effects of climate, temperature, and latitude. To calculate the ideal tilt angle for various locations across the country, we used a combination of modeling and simulation techniques in Python, including a Python optimization tool. Our findings indicate that the ideal tilt angle for bifacial solar panels in an array varies considerably depending on the location. Our data can be used to optimize the setup and operation of bifacial solar panels in the US, resulting in more cost-effective and efficient energy production.

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  Tree-ring analysis of larch dynamics following stand replacing fire in the Siberian arctic

  Anna Pallone

  Larix cajanderi (Mayr; Cajander larch) is the northernmost occurring tree in the world and is an important species in northeastern Siberia, a region that has experienced rapid rates of warming due to climate change. In many areas of the geographic distribution of this species, it overlays carbon rich permafrost, and the dynamics of this species can influence carbon release in these rapidly changing ecosystems, thus understanding establishment dynamics in this species has strong implications for forest ecology. Forest dynamics in stands of L. cajanderi are thought to be driven by regeneration in high light and optimal soil conditions that are created following stand-replacing fires. Here we used tree-ring analysis to document long-term establishment and growth dynamics in L. cajanderi. Tree core samples were collected in 2019 from 44 L. cajanderi trees located along the northern portion of the Kolyma River (69.5477°N 161.3641°E) south of where the river enters the Arctic Ocean. Samples were surfaced and images were created, then analyzed to collect tree growth measurements. We assessed stand dynamics and were specifically interested in using patterns of establishment and growth to infer stand conditions necessary for regeneration and canopy accession. The oldest stem in the site initiated in 1797 and we found evidence of sporadic establishment punctuated with a pulse of trees initiating ca. 1930. Nearly all trees in our collection exhibited rapid early growth indicating establishment in high-light conditions; however, older stems in the stand demonstrated some evidence of suppression and release during canopy development. Overall, these data suggest the potential for complex linkages between forest regeneration, establishment, and canopy formation. Future work is needed to link these patterns to disturbance processes including fire and to develop recommendations for forest management in the under-studied L. cajanderi forests of the Siberian Arctic.

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  Type and Timing of Traumatic Experiences: Influence on Distress Tolerance

  Lucas Marinack

  Background: Traumatic experiences are linked to a multitude of negative outcomes with many potential mediators. Distress tolerance (DT), has emerged to be strongly associated with a plethora of trauma-related outcomes. DT is defined as one’s perceived or actual ability to withstand negative internal states such as feeling frustrated or worried (Berenz et al., 2017). DT can be measured both subjectively and behaviorally. Specifics of traumatic experiences such as the nature or type of the traumatic event (Berenz et al., 2017), one’s age at the time of the trauma exposure (Dunn et al., 2018), and the relationship to your perpetrator if applicable (Gamache Martin et al., 2016) may be related to DT. This study will analyze: 1) The effect of type and timing of a traumatic event on DT 2) Among victims of interpersonal violence, if the relationship to the perpetrator affects DT. 3) If findings are consistent for subjective and behavioral DT measures. Methods: Participants in this study were recruited using multiple participant recruitment methods. Undergraduate students and a community sample were recruited to participate via the SONA system and ResearchMatch respectively. Participants completed the secured electronic survey materials online along with providing demographic information. Participants completed a questionnaire asking about past traumatic experiences including the type of event(s), age at the time of event(s), and relationship to the perpetrator of violence where applicable. Participants also completed the Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Mirror Tracing Persistence Task to assess subjective and behavioral DT respectively Significance: Despite the link between trauma and many negative outcomes via DT, there is a stark paucity in the literature on what generally influences DT, and even less regarding traumatic experiences’ influence on DT. Understanding how this transdiagnostic mechanism is developed and maintained may give us additional insight into how traumatic experiences lead to negative outcomes.