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  The Author's Words and the Editor's Pen: A Self-Study in Editorial Decision Making

  Margaret Mary Cahill

  This study investigates the practices that professional book editors use when evaluating manuscripts for publication. Specifically, I ask: 1) Which edits are the most essential to the overall development of a text? and 2) How does the editor serve as the bridge between writer and reader? In seeking answers to these questions, I apply the editorial practices for reading and manuscript development reported by book editors to my work as an editor of one writer’s memoir manuscript currently in the process of revision. Drawing on interviews with the author, recordings of our editorial meetings, and changes in the manuscript itself, I examine the role of the editor in shaping both the author’s work and the author’s memories included in the manuscript. As the author seeks publication of her memoir, I employ the knowledge from working editors to assist her in preparing the manuscript for submission.

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  The Benefits and Burdens of Student Employment

  Karen Jayne David

  Forty-seven percent of full-time students and 87 percent of part-time students are looking for work to cover costs of their higher education. Students who are employed while taking classes face benefits and burdens associated with their work. This study focuses on student employees who work on-campus within campus recreation departments. The goals of this study were to identify a relationship between hours worked and academic success, how well respondents are prepared for their future employment, as well as gather self-reported benefits and burdens of working for campus recreation departments. This was a quantitative study that was conducted through a survey that was sent to campus recreation professionals across the country that they then distributed to their undergraduate student employees. Utilizing results from this study, higher education professionals who utilize student staffing will be better equipped to make their work environments more intentional and more likely to retain staff and to better prepare their staff for life after college.

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  The Big 10 Conference College Recreation Websites: Evaluating effectiveness through understanding the Generation Z student.

  Julia S. Morris, Zackary G. Ziegler

  The Big 10 Conference College Recreation Websites: Evaluating effectiveness through understanding the Gen Z student.The purpose of this presentation is to share our study that analyzed college recreation webpages and their effectiveness in engagement of prospective students. We examined the webpages of the 14 colleges that belong to the Big 10 Conference. The rubric compares each webpage against its competitors. In this presentation, we will educate the audience on what attracts prospective students to a college recreation page. We will share best practice as examples for each category. In addition, we will highlight components that are crucial to any college recreation webpage in order to best market themselves to their target audience of prospective college students who are now considered “Generation Z”.

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  The Black Studies Movement, 1965-1975

  Maleah Aujenae Wells

  This presentation will explore the Black Studies Movement of the 60-70s, analyzing the grassroots activism of Black students in higher education. Although the movement was a national phenomenon, this research will put its focus on the University of Dayton during 1965-1975, using the Black Studies Movement as a lens to look at UD through. Black students on campus organized protests and issued a list of demands to the UD administration in 1969. This list of demands included the establishment of a Black Studies Institute, better recruitment of Black students and professors, and etc. We will be able to better analyze the events that took place on the University of Dayton’s campus by looking into the importance of Black Studies and the impact of the Black Power Era.

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  The Communal Integration of Nutrition-Related Cultural Assets of the Latinx Population in the Greater Dayton Area

  Hannah G. Waters

  East Dayton non-profit organizations, Mission of Mary Farms and East End Community Services, have both expressed their inability to engage the Latinx population within their nutrition community programming. While the East Dayton area is disproportionately affected by poverty and food insecurity, the Latinx population is possibly more affected as they are detached from key community resources due to distinct cultural barriers. The goal of this project is to work with community partners to adopt an asset and needs-based analysis that identifies the specific nutritional needs of East Dayton's Latinx population. The collected data will then be used to develop a culturally-tailored intervention that addresses these identified needs.

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  The Crucial Role of Social Support in the Academic Development of Adolescent Emergent Bilinguals

  Anh Q. Pham

  This project seeks to define what social support is, analyze the reasons as to why it is necessary—especially for emergent bilinguals—and elaborate on the role that various members of a school community play in helping to foster it. Social support is a multifaceted term that encompasses a number of other types of support, including, but not limited to, emotional, informational, and instrumental support. It is essentially rooted in the idea of connection, whether that be to other individuals, resources, or opportunities. For adolescent emergent bilinguals—students who are improving their English proficiency in addition to strengthening their own primary language—social support is intricately interconnected to their academic development; it serves to be an entry point to various communal and institutionalized resources, such as the formation of relationships, engagement in extracurriculars, and subject-focused discussions that otherwise would not be attainable. In relation to the topic of social support, the following presentation will further discuss how pulling emergent bilinguals out of the mainstream classroom environment and placing them into entirely separate learning communities ultimately hinders them from accessing the aforementioned resources that are imperative to progressing academically.Thus, school administration, teachers, and students have a collective responsibility to be culturally responsive and inclusive; and to emphasize that the diverse backgrounds of emergent bilinguals are an asset to classroom enrichment.

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  The Dayton Mystique: The NCAA's Fifty-Year Love Affair with the University of Dayton

  Zachary Noah Choo

  The primary impetus behind the successful long-term relationship between the University of Dayton (UD) and the NCAA stems, arguably, from the work of UD's innovative former athletic director, Thomas Frericks. His vision, formulated in 1967, laid the foundation for a mid-sized city in Southwest Ohio to have a lasting impact on college basketball. This article examines Frericks' strategies, hard work, and dedication in making UD a popular repeat host of the NCAA Tournament games and provides lessons on how this model could be replicated in the future.

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  The Donald’s Patriots: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Communal Development and Collective Identity in Trump’s Most Rabid Online Community

  Aidan Michael Cotter

  Despite the rise of extremism in the United States, little is known about how extremist communities manifest online. Thus, I investigate here how one particular online community, the now-banned Reddit page “The Donald”, expresses collective identity and thereby utilizes communal attributes in bringing users together. I examine a sample of posts and comments throughout 2020 on the Trumpian, white-nationalist online message board The Donald. Through a content analysis of randomly selected threads, I analyzed for communal themes and evaluated how The Donald’s users practice collective identity. I found that the site's users (self-identified as “Patriots”) share significant collective beliefs about race, gender, and political affiliation. From these shared beliefs, I was able to identify how the “Patriots” practice collective identity through means such as: othering; meming; and the deification of Donald Trump. I cite the statistical evaluation of the sample’s thematic composition, as well specific content from the qualitative analysis in identifying these communal factors & strategies. Overall, my study argues that The Donald is a definitive community whose members share common sociopolitical values and communal strategies in solidifying their extremist group.Keywords: community, collective identity, far-right extremism, internet socialization

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  The effect of micronutrients on chronic pancreatitis

  Addy Ruth Nichols, Abigail Lynn Sibley

  Chronic pancreatitis develops insidiously over many years and is defined as recurrent attacks of epigastric pain of long duration as a result of inflammation of the pancreas. The common etiologies are chronic alcohol consumption, hypertriglyceridemia, biliary tract disease, genetic conditions, gallstones, trauma, or certain drugs or viral infections. Micronutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E often play a role in attenuating oxidative stress that may contribute to chronic pancreatitis. Additionally, patients with chronic pancreatitis tend to be deficient in vitamins A, D, E, and K, and therefore may require supplementation. Therefore, using a concept map technique, the purpose of this presentation is to explain the relationship between micronutrients and their role in the prevention and treatment of chronic pancreatitis.

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  The Effect of Micronutrients on the Immune Response and COVID-19

  Rosa E. Brown, Caroline Rose Grannan, Katherine Marie Ochs

  In December 2019, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China and spread globally. SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that causes the COVID-19 disease. This disease is a respiratory disease that is thought to spread from person-to-person via respiratory droplets from an infected individual. The World Health Organization announced that the COVID-19 outbreak could be characterized as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since then, the United States has continued to see an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and the rates of infection. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, cold, shortness of breath, sore throat, and headache. Research has shown many possible connections between micronutrients and assisting building of the immune system. Studies show that certain micronutrients, such as vitamin A, C, and D, and minerals, such as zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, may be effective in regulating the immune response that occurs with infection of the COVID-19 virus. A concept map technique will be used to present and explain the interactions between micronutrients and their effect on COVID-19.

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  The Effect of Music on Stress Level in College Students

  Caitlin M. Lavilla, Madison K. Miller, Kristin L. Murray, Caitlyn G. Unruh

  BackgroundCurrent research has explored the effect of music therapy on various populations including premature infants, generalized hospital patients, those with mental health issues, and older adults. Less is known about how the stress level of college students is influenced by music therapy.Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify a possible correlation between listening to music and a decrease in stress level in college students. MethodologyThe study will include juniors and seniors who are currently enrolled in classes at the University of Dayton. Each student will participate in the cross-sectional study by completing an adapted fourteen item questionnaire, sent via email, containing items regarding their stress levels, stress coping mechanisms, various symptoms of stress, causes of stress, and use of music while studying. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the symptoms and causes of stress. An independent t-test will be performed to examine the difference between college students who listen to music compared to college students who do not listen to music in terms of stress level. Results The results of this study will be provided at the time of the presentation.

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  The Effect of Religion on Healthcare Provider - Patient Relationships

  Allison Elizabeth Herceg, Matthew David Hilts, Avery Lyn Lewis, Jillian K. Tore

  The objective of this research project was to determine religion’s effect on social justice and the common good in the healthcare realm. Our research has shown that more accessible, effective, and holistic care is given when healthcare providers incorporate and accommodate diverse religious traditions into their practice. After an intensive review of the available literature on the connection and interaction between religion and healthcare, we observed a positive correlation between the presence of religion and clinical encounters. Clinical encounters can be defined as any direct interaction between healthcare providers and patients. More specifically, we addressed the presence religion from the perspective of healthcare providers, patients, healthcare institutions and government entities. In each of these groups, religion had an overall positive impact. When a religious presence is involved, we found that physicians are better equipped to care for their patients and their traditions. Additionally, a religious presence encourages patients to make well-informed, positive decisions related to healthcare and wellbeing. When taking religion into consideration, healthcare institutions and policies allow for greater outreach and support for a wider array of patients. Ultimately, collective action to include religion in healthcare promotes the pursuit of the common good.

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  The Effect of Smartphones on the Mental Health and General Well-Being of College Students

  William P. White

  In the last decade or so smart phones have undoubtedly assumed a prominent role in the lives of average Americans. Whether or not smartphone users are aware of the potential for lasting negative side effects on their mental health on account of their addictive habits is unknown and largely unstudied. It is time that as a society we begin to self-examine and identify systemic issues, especially the glaringly obvious ones like the ones screened media present. An angle that consistently presents the most profound statistics is from the victims themselves. Gathering data from the people and for the people and promptly presenting an effective solution is the job and duty of a researcher. This research does exactly this. Through a comprehensive survey dispersed across the University of Dayton’s undergraduate population, personal phone usage data was gathered. The results were staggering to some extent, yet not totally out of the realm of believability. 58 percent of respondents self-reported an addiction to their smartphones. A figure like this for a substance like alcohol or tobacco would raise serious concern across the nation. The consequences of long-term exposure to screens include but are not limited to anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, hypertension, attention deficit disorder, and vision disorders. Public exposure to these serious and lasting symptoms of an abusive relationship with smartphones is the next step. Another idea that deserves consideration is that these symptoms are only the physiological consequences of smartphone addiction, leaving out the entire realm of social consequences that coincide with an addictive screen relationship.

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  The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Student-Athletes' Mental Health

  Kevin P. Bickett, Conor Flaherty, Reilly Alexzandra Madsen, Sara Delaney McCloud, Marin Reis, Natalie Marie Thielen

  Because of the Covid-19 Pandemic, many student athletes' daily routines were interrupted and placed into isolation. This research studies the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of student-athletes at the University of Dayton. Through a survey sent out to student-athletes on campus, several effects of the pandemic will be identified and analyzed.

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  The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Intentional Exercise Routines of University of Dayton Students

  Anthony J. Aiello, Hailey H. Briggeman, Jake W. Hane, Bridget Delia McDermott, Hannah L. Michl

  The aim of this research is to survey college students about their exercise routines both before and during the pandemic. The comparison of frequency, duration, and intensity of the exercise both before and during the pandemic will serve to investigate whether or not and to what degree the pandemic has had an effect on college students exercising. Results may be an indicator of future health conditions amongst the population surveyed.

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  The effect of walking speed and ankle load on joint kinematics and arm swing in children with and without Down syndrome

  Kaylee Marie Larsen

  Challenging children with Down Syndrome (DS) to walk faster than preferred and with an ankle load has demonstrated improvements to their gait pattern. These improvements include increasing step length, decreasing step width, decreasing cadence, and general muscle activation. However, the joint kinematic and arm swing control strategies used to make these adaptations remain unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of walking speed and ankle load on joint kinematics and arm swing in children with and without DS. We analyzed data from 12 children with DS (10M/2F, 8.80 (1.23) years) and 12 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children. Data was collected using a Vicon motion capture system as the subjects walked 10 meters at their preferred speed and a fast walking speed with either no ankle load or an ankle load of 2% of body mass. The peak flexion and extension joint angles of the ankle, knee, hip, and shoulder joints were evaluated. The anterior/posterior and mediolateral arm displacements were calculated as the differences between the wrist and shoulder markers. Children with DS had reduced peak ankle extension before toe-off. Adding ankle load reduced the peak ankle extension in both groups. When adjusting to speed, children with DS had less peak knee extension around mid-stance but greater peak knee and hip flexion during swing. Furthermore, the TD children displayed greater peak hip extension during stance at the faster speed and with ankle load. Similarities in arm swing displacements between both groups indicated a controlled upper body movement among the DS children. Overall, our results suggest that challenging children with DS to walk at a faster speed might lead to beneficial kinematic adjustments at the knee and hip joints. However, other interventions may be needed to target ankle extension before toe-off.

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  The Effects of Parental Educational Attainment on Student Loan Debt

  Megan J.F. Will

  While the student loan crisis has been reviewed and studied from multiple perspectives, one area lacking in research is the effect a parent’s level of education has on the type of, amount of, and involvement in their child’s student loans. In order to address this issue, this study asked the following two questions: (1) Is there a relationship between the level of education parents complete and their degree of participation in completing their children’s financial aid and student loan applications? (2) Will a student whose parent(s) has some level of post-secondary educational attainment be less likely to take on private loans than a student whose parent(s) has no post-secondary educational attainment? To answer this question, an online survey was sent to 4,660 undergraduate students at a private four-year institution located in the Midwest who had student loan indicators on their bursar accounts. Data from respondents (n = 353) indicated that as their parent(s)’s level of education increased, their involvement in the student loan process, particularly in completing the FAFSA and in deciding how much money their child should borrow, increased. Survey results also indicated parents with higher levels of education were more likely to encourage their children to take on federal loans over private loans. By utilizing these findings, recruiters and financial aid officers can improve educational practices to help first-generation students and their parents better understand the student loan process and the implications of borrowing to pay for higher education.

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  The Effects of Propionate on the Activation of Macrophages Against the Intracellular Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

  Leah O'Malley Allen

  L. monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can infect and cause death to immunocompromised, pregnant, or elderly individuals. The purpose of this research is to determine whether propionate, a common metabolite in our gut with known effects on our immune system, can signal our immune responses to prevent L. monocytogenes infections. Therefore, in this project, propionate was added to white blood cells where nitrite and reactive oxygen species were quantified to determine the effect of propionate on the activation of the immune system. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to measure the effect of propionate on iNOS gene expression. Lastly, gentamicin protection assays were performed on naive and activated white blood cells to determine the effect of propionate on L. monocytogenes infection. Overall, these results will provide a greater understanding of the effects of propionate on immune cell activation and L. monocytogenes infections.

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  The Evolving Relationship Between Religion and Civil Rights in America

  Shea Maureen Donovan, Emma K. Mason, Henry Joseph Perry, Nickolas S. Shroyer

  This study looks at the various roles different religious groups play in the ongoing civil rights movement in America. The purpose of this study was to explore whether religious groups in the United States have been supporting the civil rights movement or have instead further sustained racial discrimination in America. In particular, this study examines discrimination against Muslims after 9/11, antisemitism, and the ways in which political leaders have used religion in a good or a bad way for their title. A literature review of relevant articles in psychology, sociology, and anthropology was conducted to examine the relationship between religion and civil rights in America.

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  The Great Irish Famine: Memory and Nationalism in Ireland and the Diaspora

  Marie E. Poinsatte

  The Great Irish Famine of 1845 – 1852 is among the most infamous moments in Irish history. In addition to changes to the physical landscape, the political, social, and cultural makeup of the Emerald Isle was forever altered. Such an event could not fail to leave an indelible mark upon the history and memory of Irish people. Throughout the twentieth century, first from the North American Diaspora and then within Ireland itself, when it became necessary to assert Irish identity, for revolution or peace, nationalist forces leaned of the Great Famine as a shared cultural moment. In newspapers, folklore, memorials, and children’s stories a narrative of Irish resistance against foreign oppression and perseverance in most desperate times is reinforced by Irish and Irish descended historians, journalists, curators, and state authorities.

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  The Impact of COVID-19 on Fan Engagement in Sport

  Olivia Grace Carpenter, Shane Thomas Ferrick, Nathan Passarelli, Hannah Marie Paxton, Mason Andrew Smith, Timothy K. Tieman, Aaron Bennett Weiss

  For our research topic, the main question that we want to answer is how has COVID-19 changed the way of fan engagement on social media. Ever since COVID-19 started, we have seen tournament cancellations, fan attendance becoming nonexistent, and overall less fan participation in sporting events. From our research we hope to find how professional teams are staying in touch with their fans via social media and other content consumption. We are especially looking to see how each sport differed in their own ways to involve fans more.

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  The Impact of COVID on Domestic Violence Impact and Services in Dayton and Beyond

  Lauren Marie Higgins

  This presentation will focus on how people experiencing domestic violence and the services that serve those people are impacted by COVID-19. I will be explaining the results of my project which were reached through the analysis of reports and articles, interviews with local service providers, and a literature review on the problems that already exist for people experiencing domestic violence. I will give background of domestic violence as an issue, and then provide insight into how COVID could be exasperating these issues. I will discuss how social distancing may be contributing to an increase in domestic violence, and how COVID may be impacting services as well as creating additional barriers to accessing services and impacting services financially. I will also discuss how COVID and racial injustice could be impacting people experiencing domestic violence by preventing them from reporting to police. Throughout the presentation I will be highlight the experiences of people experiencing domestic violence in Dayton and also how services in Dayton are responding to COVID-19. Finally, I will discuss my own conclusions and limitations, and make recommendations for how institutions can protect those experiencing domestic violence during the pandemic.

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  The Impact of Mental Health Spending on Recidivism and Prison Violence Within Ohio

  Sarah Presley, Emily I. Rau

  Since deinstitutionalization, the number of individuals incarcerated that have mental health challenges has dramatically increased. The correctional system has sought to reduce recidivism in multiple ways for individuals who have mental illnesses through court programs, diversion, and other community programs. The literature that focuses on a mental health services while incarcerated however, is not as extensive. There are services available to an individual once they are released from prison, however providing these services within the prison environment has not been evaluated as a potential solution for reducing recidivism for mentally ill individuals. Additionally, violence in prisons, specifically focused on those with mental illnesses is of concern. This research seeks to determine the relationship between mental health spending in prisons and its effect on recidivism rates, specifically within the state of Ohio. The research also aims to determine the relationship between violence within prison and mental health spending. This study will be conducted through expenditure analysis of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections. With a large percentage of individuals currently incarcerated in the state of Ohio diagnosed with a mental illness, there is a need to know if increasing mental health services within prisons would have an impact on recidivism rates as well as prison violence.

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  The Impact of Metaperception on College Men's Students Development

  Justin Wilhite

  Chickering and Reisser (1993) developed seven vectors to student development to explain a student’s progression from their first year in college to their final year. Studies show that women often enter college already having developed through all seven vectors of student development: developing competence, managing emotions, moving from autonomy toward interdependence, establishing mature interpersonal relationships, establishing identity, developing purpose and establishing integrity. Meanwhile men frequently do not develop through the first vector of student development in their final year of college. This study seeks to investigate why this problem with men exists in higher education by examining how much metaperception influences their development across the seven vectors. Metaperception is a person’s view of other people’s view of them. To investigate this phenomenon, five male undergraduate students from the University of Dayton were interviewed. The results pointed to common themes between the five men: they cannot open up to and/or be themselves around other men outside of their immediate circle, feel inadequate for not meeting the ideal masculine standards, and receive insults from others for not “correctly” performing masculinity. The participants also cited that familial influences contributed to the ways in which they perform masculinity. Results can give student affairs practitioners insight into how to mitigate the negative effects of metaperception on men.

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  The Impact of Nitric Oxide on the Growth and Proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes

  Mackenzie Taylor Martin

  Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a foodborne, pathogenic bacterium that causes the illness listeriosis. The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes can be impacted through the alteration of many different substances, pathways, and conditions. Varying nitric oxide levels have a well-documented impact on the spread of L. monocytogenes. Nitric oxide molecules are present in many cells and participate in diverse cellular functions, notably playing a significant role in the body’s immune response. Through the support of the Dean’s Summer Fellowship, students in Dr. Sun’s research lab investigated, summarized, and discussed current scientific literature related to the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes. This presentation will detail the discussions related to the impact of nitric oxide on L. monocytogenes pathogenesis. Upon review of the literature, it is evident that the presence of nitric oxide results in enhanced L. monocytogenes infection. Nitric oxide production has been shown to be associated with enhanced bacterial infection of macrophages, protection against bactericidal mechanisms, and increased bacterial escape of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, studies suggest that activation of the Nf-kB pathway, which is closely related to nitric oxide production, also enhances L. monocytogenes infection. An understanding of the impact of nitric oxide on L. monocytogenes infection has important clinical implications in developing therapies to mitigate infection as well as relevant research significance in the understanding of other complex pathways, such as the Nf-kB pathway.