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  Pathways from ADHD to Delinquency: The Role of Interpersonal Relationships and Self-Perception

  Courtney Gibson

  The relationship between problems associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and later externalizing behavior has yet to be fully understood within the context of interpersonal relationships and self-perception. This study examined whether parent-child relationship quality, deviant peer influence, and low self-perception that follow from childhood ADHP explains why children with ADHP are at elevated risk for delinquency in adolescence. Previous studies that have investigated the roles of these variables in the development of externalizing behavior. The study formally and comprehensively tested these pathways and addressed the methodological limitations of past studies on this topic. We used previously collected data from a nationally representative sample, the Children of the National Survey of Youth (CNLSY) at three time points using maternal and child reports. Data were analyzed using multilevel path analysis; parent-child relationship quality, deviant peer influence, and self-esteem, were examined as possible mediators of ADHD and delinquency. Results of this analysis failed to indicate that parent-child relationship quality, deviant peer influence, or self-perception mediate the relationship between ADHD and delinquency at the between or within level. Delinquent peer influence was directly associated with later adolescent delinquency at the between-family and within-family level. Self-perception was related to earlier ADHD at the between level and to later delinquency at the within level. These results indicate that deviant peer influence is related to later delinquency both between and within families. It also highlights that at a population level ADHD is related to lower self-perception. These results support previous research showing that lower self-perception and deviant peer influence is related to later delinquency. Further, understanding how these variables contribute to this pathway has clinical implications pertaining to preventing and managing behavior that can lead to delinquency. This can lay a foundation to facilitate positive relationships with peers to prevent later delinquency and increase self-perception.

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  Pathways to Desistance: The Steppingstone to Understanding Juveniles’ Perceptions of the Justice System

  Caleb Thomas

  Procedural justice is an important characteristic to both the public and legal authorities. The “Pathways to Desistance” study by Edward P. Mulvey, is a steppingstone to understanding the perception of juveniles and their outlook on procedural justice and the legal system in the United States. This research proposal will look at the many different perspectives of juveniles and the criminal justice system. The aim of this study is to identify any factors that impact the perceptions of the criminal justice system by juveniles. The current study will use the “Pathways to desistance, 2000-2010 dataset”. This study is a collaborative research project which used a longitudinal study to analyze 1,354 juvenile offenders who were found guilty of a serious offense. The method used to gather the data was the recruitment technique. These offenders had to be between the ages of 14 and 18 years old, at the time of committing their offense. The literature review was broken into three main categories: Studies on Procedural Justice, Studies on Courts, and Studies on Law Enforcement. The Studies on Procedural Justice included works by John Hagan, Anna Abate, Jose Pina-Sanchez and Brunton Smith. Jose Pina-Sanchez, Brunton Smith and Anna Abate all agreed in their articles that there is a correlation between juveniles and their perceptions of procedural justice. While John Hagan disagreed and stated that it was premature to apply procedural justice principles without more definitive casual studies. The Studies on Courts category uses an article written by Jeffrey J. Shook. Shook's findings revealed that there was a connection between the perceptions of the legal system and the youth's attorney. The last category, Studies on Law Enforcement, used an article written by Terrance J. Taylor. Taylors findings indicated that unlike research with adult samples, juveniles typically had an indifferent attitude towards police.

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  Perceptions of Sexual Assault: Differences in Gender

  Gabrielle Sparks, Connor Heck

  Sexual assault and rape are issues many college-aged students experience or see on American campuses. This study explores the perceptions and definitions of sexual assaults on college campuses and how they can differ between different factors. The independent variables in the study are gender, race, major, and age. The main independent variable being studied is gender, and how college students' perception of it change depending on this variable. The data being used in this study comes from a quantitative, online survey called the College Students Experiences Survey and it was collected using a convenience sampling technique. The final sample included 299 respondents from colleges all across the United States.

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  Performance Analysis of Certified Pilots in Virtual Environment

  Diya Liz Babu

  As information technology advanced swiftly, virtual reality (VR) technology moved from theory to application. Performance analysis is one area where VR technology is having an ever-growing impact. VR technology can be viewed as an aid that can be used to simulate specific tasks, and the output data that is retrieved can be used for research. These approaches include virtual training settings and conducting data analysis. This article explores how virtual reality technology can be used to analyze the performance of licensed pilots by giving them specified tasks to complete and closely examining the results. The research helped in finding the best machine learning algorithms that can be used for performance prediction and error analysis in the performance.

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  Peritraumatic Factors and the Capacity for Posttraumatic Growth

  Cady Ujvari

  A number of negative outcomes may result from exposure to traumatic events, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, educational and occupational difficulties, and impaired social relationships (DiMauro & Renshaw, 2021; Fischer et al., 2022; Hatch et al., 2018; Keenan et al., 2018; Knipscheer et al., 2020). However, research has demonstrated that most people exposed to adversity or trauma are resilient, meaning that they do not struggle with these negative posttraumatic outcomes. In fact, some individuals will report a higher level of functioning after exposure to a traumatic event as compared to their baseline functioning prior to the event. This is referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). PTG often emerges as the result of a cognitive struggle following a traumatic life event that impacts one’s assumptive world or core beliefs about themselves and others (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). PTG is strongly associated with higher satisfaction in life, better physical health, and less anxiety and distress (Boals et. al, 2010). While some research has examined the effect of age on reported growth, it has done so solely in a population of childhood cancer survivors. Additionally, many studies have documented growth among trauma survivors with a range of traumatic experiences, but less research has focused on whether the type of trauma experienced may influence one’s capacity for experiencing growth. Finally, no known research has examined the interaction between age at the time of traumatic exposure and type of trauma in facilitation of PTG. The current study attempts to contribute to the knowledge of peritraumatic factors that influence the likelihood of experiencing growth. Having this knowledge will add significantly to the understanding of PTG as a construct, which is as of yet minimally understood. A sample comprised of undergraduate students and community members will be recruited to assess these research aims. Measures to be used in the present study represent a subset of a larger battery of measures.

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  Personal and Political: The Many Spheres of Interfaith Peace Efforts

  Charles Radgowski, Jane Carney, Geoffrey Campman

  This project is a literature review focusing on the efficacy of interfaith peace and mutual understanding efforts in a variety of contexts. Our findings are that interpersonal connection, accurate and complete religious education, and cooperation between church and state actors support peaceful pluralism in society.

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  Phishing-Attack, Detection and Prevention

  Bharath Srinivasan, Karthi Balasundaram, Mukilan Ashokraj Rajapriya

  Social Engineering is the process of deceiving people to reveal confidential information about themselves. There are various categories of Social Engineering, among which Phishing is the most frequently used attack nowadays; a new phishing site is created on the internet every 20 seconds and more than seventy percent of phishing emails are opened by their targets. From fraudulent emails to deploying malicious softwares on people's computers, phishing has become one of the main concerns that bothers the common people. There are various types of phishing such as Vishing (voice phishing), Email phishing, Smishing (SMS phishing) and many more, out of which we are going to deal with the email phishing. Email phishing is the practice of getting emails with malicious intents. The initial effort involved simulating potential phishing attacks within a controlled setup leading to devising a solution on how to detect and prevent clicking on the malicious links by common netizens like us. The developed Machine Learning (ML) model was able to classify the vulnerable links with 97.88% training and 96.4% testing accuracies respectively. Overall, the work provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in ML based phishing email detection, and highlights the potential of ML techniques to enhance the security of individuals and organizations against phishing attacks. Keywords : Social Engineering, Natural Language Processing, Sentimental analysis, Email Scams, CyberSecurity Automation, Individuals, Organizations

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  Piperazine-Based Metallopolymers for Bioengineering Applications

  Jessica Schneider

  Engineering realistic and functional tissue models presents promising possibilities in drug discovery and other biomedical research. A novel polymer with potential applications in biomedical studies was developed. I report the first synthesis and characterization (with NMR, IR, GPC, UV–vis spectroscopy, and thermal analysis) of two thermoplastic poly(alkyl piperazine succinate) diols with either propyl or hexyl alkane chains bridging the piperazines. These polyester diols were chain extended with hexamethylene diisocyanate to create highly amorphous polyester urethane thermoplastic polymers. Ru(III) and Fe(III) was then successfully coordinated with these polymers, producing a total of four different metallopolymers. The crosslinking of these complexes introduces degradative properties to the polymer, which could be valuable in biomedical studies.

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  Police-Citizen Encounters: The Influence of Behavioral and Locational Factors on the Outcome

  Amelia Saucier, Lillia Allen

  Police use of force is subject to many influential factors that affect the likelihood of occurrence. Many studies have been conducted with the aim to determine what factors affect police use of force. Prior studies have attempted to outline why there has been a recent increase in use of force incidents with a particular focus on race (Miller, 2015). The current study aims to determine what overall factors present in police-citizen encounters increase or decrease the likelihood that a use of force incident will occur prior to an arrest, using the data collected in the 1994 Phoenix Use of Force Project. The dependent variable of how police respond to a suspect, will be compared to twelve independent variables to determine which is most influential to the outcome of an encounter. The results concluded that the independent variables of Suspect Resistance, Suspect Sex, and Suspect Impairment were statistically significant in determining when a use of force incident will occur.

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  Portable Optical Fiber Bio-Sensing Device for the Detection of Biomolecules in Bodily Fluids

  Chaminda Ajith Kumara Ranathunga Ranathunga Mudiyanselage Ihala Gane Gedara

  Bio-sensing plays an important role in the determination of bio-target molecules in medical applications. In this regard, Tapered Optical Fibers Sensor (TOFS) is emerging due to its higher sensitivity, real-time specimen, and practical measuring capabilities. The sensitivity of a typical TOFS is 0.0001 RIU (Refractive Index Units) meaning the device is capable of detecting a 0.0001 change in refractive indices. This allows TOFS to be sensitive in molecular-level interactions. A tapered region or the sensitive area of a TOFS is obtained by stretching single-mode fiber cables to desired dimensions. Typical dimensions of a tapered region are 20-25 mm. A wavelength-swept laser beam is launched at one end of the fiber, passes through the tapered region, and then is collected at the other end. The modes excited at the tapered region have evanescent components in the surrounding medium and are sensitive to the concentration of bimolecular antigen-antibody pairs. This evanescent electromagnetic (EM) field enables the detection of minute changes in the refractive index close to the surface of the fiber. For the detection of biomolecules, an aqueous solution that contains the target biomolecules is introduced where they can be captured by a functionalized fiber (carrying antibodies for the analyte).The developed TOFS system was experimentally tested for practical use and yielded repeatable results with high resolution. It had been tested using various liquids, such as PBS, water, and saliva. The system utilized for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through IL-8 virus in saliva and the Covid variant HCoV-OC43. Both experiments showed success with resolutions of 10 pg/ml for IL-8 and 50 viruses/ ml for HCoV-OC43 , exceeding practical requirements in real applications.

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  Powering the Future with Sodium Ion Batteries: “A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Energy Storage Solution"

  Subathra Rajendran

  Energy storage is an essential component of the transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, which are intermittent and dependent on weather conditions. Energy storage systems can help balance the supply and demand of energy and provide backup power during peak demand.However, traditional energy storage technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, face several challenges, including limited availability of raw materials, high cost, and safety concerns. Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, with several potential advantages.One major challenge with lithium-ion batteries is the limited availability of raw materials, such as cobalt and lithium, which are concentrated in a few countries. In contrast, sodium is abundant and widely available, making sodium-ion batteries a more sustainable and scalable option.Another advantage of sodium-ion batteries is their lower cost. Sodium-ion batteries use lower-cost materials than lithium-ion batteries, and the manufacturing process is simpler, which could lead to lower production costs.Sodium-ion batteries have a lower risk of fire or explosion than lithium-ion batteries. This is because sodium-ion batteries use a solid electrolyte instead of a flammable liquid electrolyte, which can reduce the risk of thermal runaway and improve safety.

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  Power to the Plants: Measuring Plant Cover and Species Richness in a Solar Prairie Array and Proposed Solar Sites

  Valerie Thurston, Allyson Allen, Catherine Landry, Elizabeth Vear, Madelaine Gregory

  Solar energy in the state of Ohio has exponentially increased in recent years and has shown no signs of slowing. Large areas of unused land, or previously used agricultural areas are now being converted to solar array areas. At the same time, native Midwest prairies have diminished to making up less than 1% of land. We are now at the forefront of investigating how native plants and solar arrays can share the same spaces and create healthy ecosystems that can benefit many organisms. Few studies have been done on the effects of solar panels on plant composition, but recent studies have investigated how the microclimates created by shading of panels may yield a more diverse plant community. In our own study we wanted to investigate the current solar prairie at Curran Place in comparison to potential solar sites in the City of Dayton to see if solar prairies can have higher amounts of plant cover. Our first hypothesis was that plant cover is higher at Curran Place than the proposed sites. Our second hypothesis was that there would be higher forb species richness at Curran Place than proposed sites. Our last hypothesis was that plant cover will be higher outside of the solar array than inside. We used identification skills to identify the different plant species in quadrats and used Multivariate GLM testing. Univariate GLM testing, and Tukey testing to analyze our findings. We found that there were significant differences in bareground, grasses, and forbes between the sites. We also found that percent cover of plants was higher outside of the panels than inside. Lastly, we found that species richness was highest at the Curran Place prairie compared to the proposed sites. These findings indicate that solar prairies can be a successful ecosystem that yield a variety of native plants.

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  Precipitation trends in East Africa 1980-2021

  Elisabeth Arnold

  The East African region has experienced changes in precipitation over the past 4 decades. This region is especially vulnerable to climate change because of its dependence on predictable precipitation for subsistence agriculture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changing patterns of rainfall in East Africa using high resolution MSWEP data from 1980-2021. Our results show an overall decrease in annual precipitation (-2.5% per decade) and precipitation frequency (-4% per decade). As a result, precipitation intensity remained largely unchanged. Annual maximum daily rainfall decreased by -1.6% per decade, and maximum consecutive five-day precipitation decreased by -2.7% per decade. Annual maximum number of consecutive wet days also decreased by -5.5% per decade. With the decrease in overall annual rainfall, the annual maximum number of consecutive dry days increased by 2.7% per decade. The high spatial resolution of the data reveals significant spatial variability of these trends, with a clear east/west divide. The western part of the study area experienced more significant decreases in annual rainfall, rainfall frequency, maximum daily and 5-day rainfall and consecutive wet periods. On the other hand, the eastern part of the region experienced slight increase in rainfall and rainfall frequency, and maximum daily and 5-day rainfall remained largely unchanged. Despite such differences, the maximum number of consecutive dry days increased throughout the region, indicating higher propensity for droughts.

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  Predicting NBA Player Performance: An Analysis of 11 Seasons of Offensive Statistics

  Payton Reaver

  This project aims to utilize machine learning algorithms to predict a player's performance for the upcoming NBA season. The study utilizes a comprehensive data set comprising various offensive metrics. Such metrics are but not limited to: points, rebounds, assists, fouls, and blocks from the last 11 seasons of NBA basketball. By analyzing historical trends and patterns, this project seeks to develop a predictive model that can forecast a player's future performance accurately. The study has implications for fantasy basketball enthusiasts, sports analysts, sports betting, and team managers seeking to improve their decision-making processes.

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  Predictive Modelling Of Mortality Rates for Diabetes: An Analysis Of Risk Factors

  Simin Zhao

  Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting millions globally and is a leading cause of death. Understanding mortality trends and predicting future mortality rates is crucial for public health planning and intervention strategies. This project analyzes mortality rates for diabetes in the United States from 2015 to 2020 and employs various predictive methods in Statistics and Machine Learning to forecast future mortality rates. Our objective is to identify critical factors that contribute to mortality from diabetes and develop a suitable model for predicting future mortality rates. The outcomes of this study could inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of diabetes-related mortality.

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  Pride in the Profession

  Jason Honesto

  LGBTQIA+-identifying individuals often depend on a series of identity management strategies when navigating the challenges presented by sharing their queer identity with others. In acknowledging the opportunities Higher Education/Student Affairs (HESA) professionals receive in providing identity-specific support to students, there is potential to identify and connect the dots leading from the personal experiences of LGBTQIA+-identifying HESA professionals and the support they provide as practitioners. Utilizing qualitative inquiry, this study explores the experiences of current and former HESA (para)professionals as they share how their identities have shaped their approach to support provision. Themes from the results of this study include a) familial influence on LGBTQIA+ development b) identity-centered advocacy for students and c) desire to increase institution support of LGBTQIA+ identifying students, faculty, and staff. The results of this study may not only contribute to dismantling barriers that prevent the professional advancement of LGBTQIA+-identifying persons, but also encourage HESA (para)professionals to review their competencies for practice in relation to their identities.

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  Prioritization of Discordant Chronic Comorbidities and prediction of its medication using machine learning

  Ichchha Pradeep Sharma

  About one in three adults worldwide suffer from multiple chronic diseases [1]. In the United States, about 12% of adults have five or more chronic conditions [2]. Such chronic conditions are increasing in the elderly, putting a high toll on our healthcare system. Patients with Discordant Chronic Comorbidities may require numerous appointments with general practitioners, complex and structured care, as well as enhanced coordination between various healthcare providers to ensure quality of care and treatment.With the large prevalence of multiple chronic conditions, it is difficult for the patients and providers to prioritize the medications and understand the impact caused by one treatment on the other simultaneous treatments. Healthcare practitioners trust the patients to actively participate in their care and treatment because of the prolonged nature of chronic disorders. Meanwhile, multiple factors affect a treatment, and it becomes difficult for patients to keep up with the interactions, change in body weight or the cost of a treatment. These factors need to be taken into consideration while making any recommendations.Numerous research studies are being done for managing and recommending medication for a single chronic disease. To the best of our knowledge, there are no solutions available to help people simultaneously manage their type-2 diabetes and any other disease. In this work, we seek to design a decision aid/recommendation system powered by state-of-art Machine learning algorithms to aid the healthcare practitioners and patients make informed decisions.We start out by designing a survey on Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey captures multiple concerns and complex/changing needs of patients with DCCs. The goal is to use this survey to understand healthcare providers' treatment strategies for patients and how they prioritize the care of patients with complex care needs. Mechanical Turk provided us access to a diverse set of healthcare providers who have different experience and working in different contexts. After the collecting the data, it is cleaned to extract the required data for further processing. We tested out this data and are creating benchmarks using various state-of-art Machine Learning algorithms. Reference:[1] Hajat C, Stein E. The global burden of multiple chronic conditions: a narrative review. Preventive medicine reports. 2018 Dec 1;12:284-93.[2] Buttorff, Christine, Teague Ruder, and Melissa Bauman. Multiple chronic conditions in the United States. Vol. 10. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2017.

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  Propaganda Campaign Analysis

  Emma Pearn, Madeleine Cachat, Lauren Riley

  Examining the propaganda techniques utilized in different media messages, students analyze a variety of public health and marketing campaigns to understand how these messages serve to shape audience awareness, attitudes, and behavior.

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  Public Opinion, Voter Turnout, and Public Policy: Political Science Senior Capstone Presentations

  Rosemary Drake-Brockman, Tocarra Hogue, Xavier Russell, Nikolaus Rottjakob, Gunnar Hendrix, Kevin Parente, Brenden Dempsey, Judith Clark, Justin Phares, Keelin Slawecki, Jessica Leffew, Mary Vanek, Patrick Murray, Sofia Garcia, Grace Zehner, Katherine Hodgdon, Aija Cason, Jordan Ford, Michael Gibson

  This semester senior political science majors have conducted varied group projects. Presentations will assess support amongst college students for U.S. support of the Ukraine-Russia war, the factors that influence voter turnout, and analysis of sports betting and environmental policies.

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  Public Speaking Simulator with Multiple Feedback

  Bao Truong

  in this project, we introduce a simulator for public speaking. We developed the simulator in Unity3D with 3D environment scanning. The system provides feedback via gaze and virtual audience.

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  Queen Elizabeth II's Death and Its Impact on Media Ethics

  Mary Newman

  Queen Elizabeth II's passing led to many different responses. Many were positive, but some criticized the Queen and her role in Britain's history. This poster will highlight responses on social media, specifically Twitter, from university professors, many of which are negative toward the Queen. These Tweets and the responses they garnered raise many ethical questions such as "Should professors or educators be allowed to have social media accounts and share their personal opinions?" or "Does mentioning negative traits or issues a celebrity or famous person was involved in violate the notion of “don’t speak ill of the dead,” or does the practice of only positive obituaries violate the journalistic values of objectiveness, truth, and fairness?”

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  Queer Art and Activism

  Sarah Behnke

  As anti-transgender rhetoric and regressive laws spread across the U.S., it is vital that queerness in all its forms be visually represented in art and society. This presentation explores the effects of queer visibility for artists and their audiences. This research reviews art selections from the past and the present and relates the work to LGBTQIA+ liberation movements. Connections to this theme in art will be demonstrated by several selections at Dayton's Edward A. Dixon Gallery.

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  Ready to Help: Exploring Student Affairs Practitioners’ Readiness to Support Students Amid Increasing Mental Health Challenges

  Laurise Johnson

  The occurrence of young adults between the age of 18-25 experiencing life events that impede on their ability to complete daily functions has skyrocketed. Student affairs professionals need competency in crisis management as they are often seen as “first responders” in their role while serving as advisers, supporters, and helpers to students facing a challenge, barrier, life stressor, or crisis. Therefore, the purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the readiness of Higher Education and Student Affairs (HESA) professionals in responding to the varying levels of challenge, life stressors, and barriers faced by college students. The results throughout this study uncovered a number of gaps that impact HESA professionals’ ability to feel confident and equipped with the tools needed to support students in need: 1) newer professionals do not feel equipped to support students across various levels of challenge and reported lower levels of crisis management competence and intervention confidence; 2) the ability to provide support to students in crisis is heavily dependent upon a professional’s functional area; 3) the lack of mental health training overrides HESA professionals’ confidence and competence; and 4) specialized training sessions and professional development opportunities around mental health and helping strategies are not being provided. The findings from this study provide specific implications for future practices and research on the readiness of HESA professionals in supporting students facing challenges.

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  Recidivism in the Criminal Justice System

  Brendan Kadel, Carson Rhoades

  Our group has done analysis of inmates in the prison systems, and the many variables that impact recidivism rates here in America. We have conducted research, a survey analysis, and developed a clear understanding of our topic that we can share with others. The goal of this project is to determine whether specific socioeconomic-related variables, like educational attainment, have an affect on the number of prior arrests among inmates.

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  Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Attachment Style, and Relationship Satisfaction in Young Adults

  Rachel Banks

  Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are defined as childhood events considered as traumatic. These events can lead to a plethora of physical and psychological health issues as the individual ages (Mosley-Johnson, 2019). Furthermore, ACEs can lead to the development of more insecure attachment styles (Thomson, 2017). It is predicted that those with an insecure attachment style will experience lower relationship satisfaction if they have a higher ACEs score. Participants will be recruited from the University of Dayton’s Psychology Research Sign-Up titled Sona Systems, which is utilized by Introduction to Psychology courses at the university. Participants will complete several questionnaires to measure their ACEs score, level of satisfaction in relationships, and the security in their attachment style. There are not many studies that investigate the relationship between ACEs and relationship satisfaction, especially when using attachment styles as a means to connect those variables. This study intends to determine whether there is a relationship among these variables so that further methods of treatment and therapy can mitigate the negative health issues of ACEs. It is important to investigate the aspects that can increase the likelihood of physical and psychological health issues so that they can potentially be discovered and treated before becoming too detrimental. If ACEs, attachment style, and relationship satisfaction are found to have a relationship, then treatments can be developed in an attempt to decrease the severity of health issues caused by high ACE scores.