The Brother Joseph W. Stander Symposium recognizes and celebrates academic excellence in undergraduate and graduate education. This annual event provides an opportunity for students from all disciplines to showcase their intellectual and artistic accomplishments. The Stander Symposium represents the Marianist tradition of education through community and is the principal campus-wide event in which faculty and students actualize our mission to be a "community of learners."
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Research exercise: Glass Recovery is Half the Battle
Abdullah Almandeel, Anas M. Alwatban, Shanthan Reddy Kakulavaram, Daniel J. Kelley
In an energy conscious society, all methods of saving or conserving energy become important. One such way is through recycling. The energy saved by recycling a single glass bottle could be used to light a 100-watt light bulb for four hours, power a computer for half an hour, or a television for 20 minutes. Ohio sends approximately 90% of consumed glass containers to the landfill. There is tremendous room for improvement for glass recycling. This research focuses on how to increase the glass recovery from consumer to recycling facilities by addressing the social, economical, political, and logistical aspects associated with glass recovery. Social factors that influence likelihood to recycle are investigated through a literature review. The container deposit law that a small number of states employ will be quantified through statistics and compared to Ohio’s statistics. The logistics of recycling availability for Ohioans will be assessed and displayed. The economics of incentive programs and the impacts of an increase in glass recovery will be quantified through a cost savings analysis. An integrated plan of these four aspects will be provided. The results will show what the estimated potential percentage participation increase could be by implementing this proposed plan. The paper will conclude with the impacts of various levels of participation and how much energy savings will increase.
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Research exercise: How to Lead Your Team to a Successful Capstone Project: A Student's Guide
Kelsey E. Diachun
The purpose of this project is to analyze and develop a “student” guidebook to manage a senior design or capstone project. The outcome of the project will be a booklet which can be handed to the students chosen as project managers for their capstone project. This booklet will contain a step-by-step guide on leading projects. The guide will include best practices, software tools and how to use them, as well as describing exactly what steps should be taken in order to achieve a successful conclusion to the project. The booklet will also describe some personality traits which are seen in successful project managers both on real world projects and in past student capstone projects. To complete this project, recent graduates will be interviewed, as a means of learning what they felt were the strengths and weaknesses of their capstone projects. These interviews will also investigate what tools the graduates have used for project management and which ones they feel are the easiest to use while having the highest success rate. These analyses will then be used to determine which tool is best for student projects. Throughout the process, research will be done to develop a list of key personality traits shared by project managers in varying disciplines. Research will also be done to collect a listing of techniques that are used in helping to teach students the field of project management and explain which are the most successful and why they work. The final booklets will be available as handouts on the day of the presentation.
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Research exercise: Numerical Exploration of the Spread of Infectious Disease
Johnathan Raymond Ayers
This study will consider a model of SARS for a closed population. The mathematical model will be solved using numerical techniques and the solutions will be compared. It is assumed in this study that the incubation period is very short and individuals who recover from the disease become permanently immune.
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Research exercise: Numerical Methods applied to an Enzyme Kinetics Model
Claudia J. Labrador Rached
In this work, we study enzyme kinetics using numerical techniques, such as Euler’s Method and Taylor’s Series Method. Our system consists of four ordinary differential equations, each of them describing the reaction rate of specific compounds in reaction. We represent the numerical solution and plots of each reactant. We compared the performance of our numerical methods with methods used in Callie Martins’ Enzyme Kinetics Spring 2012 Work.
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Research exercise: Pathway Toward the End-of-life Options for Medical Devices and Equipment
Tyler J. Bahdasarian, Aleksandar Grocic, Julia C. Hauser, Jose C. Panameno
At the end of life, medical equipment can follow three major paths. The first being destruction, medical equipment which cannot be sterilized and is contaminated, then are incinerated; an example of this would be surgical waste that is soaked in bodily fluids and cannot possible be re-used. Some equipment contains toxic elements such as mercury and are dealt with according to the proper regulations and standards. The second path is recycling option. For example, in the case of MRI machines and many medical devices, more than 90% by weight can be recycled for material content. The final major path medical devices take is refurbishment. Medical devices on this path are generally collected by the manufacturers, fixed, updated, supplied with a new warranty and resold to the secondary market at a large percent of the original sticker price.This research examines the current practices of incineration, landfill, reuse, and refurbishment for medical devices and how the the industry can best reduce the environmental impact of these practices, reduce costs for hospitals and consumers, and improve the humanitarian efforts which are already underway. In addition, this research will discuss the philanthropy efforts surrounding reusable medical equipment and government involvement and incentives to recycling, reuse, and donate medical devices. A trend of refurbishment rather than buying new could be emerging from hospitals due to the Affordable Care Act which often case exempts refurbishers from a new medical device tax that was implemented under the law.
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Research exercise: Perceptions of Meaning in Liturgical Music in Christian Church Communities of Various Denominational Identities
Molly M. Guinan
Music is a primary part of worship in most Christian churches around the world. Music, however, holds different meaning and serves a variety of purposes and functions within each Christian denomination. As a part of an independent study course focused on topics related to contemporary liturgical music repertoire, I chose to investigate how Ministers of Music in several different denominations of the Christian faith assigned meaning and purpose to music in the context of worship, and what particular styles they found to resonate most with their own congregations. In order to do this, I interviewed Ministers of Music from the following church communities in and around Dayton, each representing a different denomination: St. Luke’s Catholic Church, Epiphany Lutheran Church, United Methodist Church, and The Vineyard. This poster will outline the factors I considered when developing relevant interview questions (e.g., cultural background of liturgical ministers and congregation members, tendencies of specific denominations, structure of liturgy in worship services) and the conclusions to which I came regarding the factors that play the most significant roles in determining the style of music utilized and the ways in which music is viewed and assigned meaning in a given church community. Additionally, examples of written and recorded music that were deemed meaningful by the Ministers of Music in each of the various church communities will be showcased with the written findings.
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Research exercise: Research on Foundational Elements of the Education System
Emma C. Francois, Kaitlyn E. Stanfield
Many schools emphasize the importance of standardized tests and homework. The goal of the EDT110H1 class project was to investigate the effects of homework and the advantages and disadvantages of standardized tests, and how they affect the American schooling system.
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Research exercise: Solving Crime Using Mathematics
Michael Joseph Jacob
Mathematics is used in almost every area of life. With the development of modern computers, mathematical modelling and numerical simulation is new synergy in scientific discovery. In this work nonlinear equations are solved in order to determine the time of death to solve a crime. The equations are solved with few methods and we compare the accuracy of methods.
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Research exercise: The Implementation of Two-way Immersion Programs in Schools
Kara Marie Jankowski
As society becomes more global, educators are searching for models of education that provide students with the ability to be competitive in the global marketplace. Bilingual education offers students the opportunity to learn two languages while maintaining student achievement in other content areas. Two-way immersion programs, also known as dual-language programs, are a model of instruction where students receive content instruction in two languages. In addition, students and teacher speak both languages and the native languages of the members of the classroom vary. As the programs have been proven to be effective, the next step is figuring out how these programs can be implemented on a practical level (Garland 2012). It is because bilingual programs benefit both language-minority and language-majority students, it provides a positive education option for many students. In order to see if two-way immersion programs can be implemented on a wider scale, research needs to indicate the positive and negative consequences of these programs. Without this research, it will be difficult to see if two-way immersion programs are even a viable option for schools, especially ones with high populations of speakers of other languages. The purpose of this research is to examine the human and material resources necessary for the successful implementation of two-way immersion programs in the United States to determine the practicality of using this dual-language model on a wider scale.
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Research exercise: The implications for instruction under The Common Core State Standards in Mathematics and the effect on students with Dyscalculia
Melissa Rachel Siegel
Dyscalculia and the new CCSS for mathematics are interconnected in regards to the second question asked about the standards. The CCSS-M have implications for instruction that correspond with instructional strategies that are suggested as modifications for students with dyscalculia. Real world applications can move the lesson from a lecture to visual, auditory and kinesthetic aspects to the lessons, depending on the topic. These aspects have shown to help these students. The conceptual focus with the CCSS-M implies a teaching strategy that moves from teaching the procedure to teaching the mathematical concepts, and the reasoning for the procedure, rather than just simply the steps. The possible connections between the implications of instructional strategies by the CCSS-M and the strategies used to support students with dyscalculia is the basis of this undergraduate research honors thesis. The results of this study will contribute to the current research by proposing a positive correlation between the implementation of the CCSS-M, and academic achievement by students with dyscalculia. Since both topics are relatively new in terms of educational practice, it is a very relevant topic in educational research because it has the potential to contribute to the literature in education and educational policy in the United States. The purpose of the study is to identify what instructional strategies using the Common Core State Standards will best support students with dyscalculia. This study could influence classroom application and practice, as well as increase awareness of dyscalculia.
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Research exercise: Utilization of the Gordon Music Learning Theory in Elementary Classroom Music
Hadley Gammie
The Gordon Music Learning Theory is an example of a sight-before-sound method. It focuses on audiation, which is not just hearing the music, but comprehending it as well. There are other methods of instruction such as Kodály, Orff-Schulwerk, and Dalcroze that also use the idea of hearing first, but which do not follow the same sequential order of learning. A survey was conducted to determine which method(s) were most familiar to elementary educators in Southwest Ohio. Results demonstrated that Kodály was the most familiar method, and the Gordon Music Learning Theory was the least familiar. Additionally, the survey asserted that the Kodály method is the most widely known and used, and that the Gordon Music Learning Theory is the least known and used. Keywords: Edwin Gordon, music learning theory, audiation, sequence, elementary music
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Restorative Justice: The Alternative Outlet for Criminal Behavior
Mary M. Cook, Tara E. Fritsch, Michele C. Palmer, Julianne T. Radish
As members of the University of Dayton Social Justice Club, our group carried out a semester long project focused on Restorative Justice in conjunction with the Montgomery County Mentoring Collaborative. We were assigned to Belmont School and each given a young girl to work with. Each young girl we were paired with had a history with incriminating behavior. Our responsibility included talking with our partner and helping them claim responsibility for their actions. Additionally, we talked through previous decisions and their consequences to encourage the girls to start thinking about the impact of their actions.
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Retained Earnings as a Determinant of the Cross Section of Returns
Michael M. Raleigh
The objective of this study is to find out if retained earnings is a determinant of portfolio returns in the cross section. Two hypotheses are tested. First, that value stocks with higher levels of retained earnings will out perform value stocks with lower levels of retained earnings. Second, that growth stocks operate differently in that stocks with low levels of retained earnings will outperform stocks with high levels of retained earnings. For the cross section analysis, the S&P 500 is divided into 10 groupings of 50 stocks each by firm size. using price to book, the top 50 and bottom 50 are further divided into portfolios of 25 stocks each and labeled as relative growth and value portfolios. Weighting the stocks by retained earnings per share, a performance comparison is made for the four portfolios relative to the S&P500 and the Russell 1000 value and growth indexes. The period of analysis is 2006-2004 which includes all phases of a market cycle.
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Retrofitting Retiring Coal Fired Power Plants to Burn Rubber Tire Scraps
Abijitth Guruprasad, Naga Bhavya Kancheti, Abhinandan Ravikumar
New legislation passed by United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2011 requires fossil-fuel fired electric generation units to limit the amount of toxic emissions releases by combustion. Two most important measures, known as Cross-State Air Pollution Rule and the Mercury and Air Toxic Standards, will effect roughly 1,100 coal-fired electric generation units. These facilities are forced to decide between investing in scrubbing technology to reduce their emission rates and retiring. The number of facilities retiring is unknown but many predictions expect severe electric generation capacity reductions in regions that rely heavily on coal-fired generation. The amount of planned electric capacity additions at this juncture do appear to be enough to replace the minimum projections of coal-fired capacity lost while also sustaining the steadily yearly growth of electric capacity that has occurred every year to meet increasing electricity consumption in the United States. In this study, the emergence of cleaner burning tire-derived fuels was examined as an alternative fuel source to help combat this loss in electric capacity. Tires produce almost the same energy as petroleum and approximately produces 25% more energy than coal. The pollutants emitted from the combustion of coal versus the combustion of scrap tires, and their environmental impacts are assessed. An actual power plant retiring in 2015 in central Ohio near both tire collection and tire shredding facilities was considered as a case study to test the feasibility of tire-derived electricity generation to replace the coal-fired capacity. In addition, the electricity generated from different grades of coal compared to rubber tires are examined.
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Risk and Resilience: A Prospective Analysis of the Complex Effects of Internalizing Problems on Alcohol Use in Adolescence
Lauren E. Hurd
Previous research suggests that there exist both risk and protective mechanisms for the relationship between internalizing problems and alcohol use outcomes. The present study aims to determine whether deviant peer affiliations and risk aversion are two protective mediating mechanisms of this relationship. A risk mechanism of high negative emotionality, consistent with the tension reduction hypothesis, will also be investigated. For exploratory purposes, the mediators will be tested on three separate alcohol use outcomes: frequency of use, frequency of heavy use, and problematic use. Data from age cohorts 9, 12, and 15 (N=2,339) of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods’ (PHDCN) Longitudinal Cohort Study will be utilized. This study collected data in three waves, each occurring approximately two years apart. Internalizing disorders will be measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) from the first wave of data collection. The Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Impulsivity (EASI) Temperament Survey from wave one, and the Deviance of Peers questionnaire from wave two will be used to assess the mediators. Lastly, the participants’ alcohol use outcomes will be determined from substance use interviews conducted during wave three of data collection. To assess the hypothesized mechanisms, the bootstrapping procedure with multiple mediators will be utilized.
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Root Cover Pebbling on Graphs
Claire Antonia Sonneborn
A graph is a mathematical object that can be described as a set of vertices and a set of edges. An edge joins one vertex to another. The existence or absence of an edge between two vertices can represent a relationship or absence of a relationship between two objects. Two vertices are said to be adjacent if there is an edge that joins them. Imagine placing pebbles on the vertices of a graph. We can move a pebble from one vertex to an adjacent vertex using certain pebbling moves in which two pebbles are removed from a vertex and one is placed on an adjacent vertex while one is removed from the graph entirely. We have defined a concept called root cover pebbling, a variation on cover pebbling which is a well documented concept. In root cover pebbling we begin with all pebbles on one vertex of a certain graph and attempt to place at least one pebble on every vertex of the graph by using pebbling moves. Thus the root cover pebbling number is the least number of pebbles needed to achieve a configuration with at least one pebble on each vertex of a graph when starting from a configuration with all pebbles on the root vertex. We construct an algorithm for calculating root cover pebbling numbers for certain graphs. We also examine graphs with a root vertex and paths attached to it. With these graphs, we explore the relationships between the number of paths in the graph and the root cover pebbling number of the graph.
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Rotation, Scaling and Illumination Invariant Pattern Recognition Using Joint Transform Correlation for Object Detection and Tracking
Sidike Paheding
Challenges in pattern recognition mainly includes object rotation, scaling, and illumination variations. Joint Transform Correlation (JTC) based filtering techniques yield promising outputs in optical pattern recognition and they have been widely used for real-time pattern recognition applications such as object detection and tracking. However, objects in complex background brings difficulty to JTC based algorithms since the performance of the JTC is sensitive to object distortions such as changes due to rotation, scaling, and illumination. One of the solutions is to add or modify filters during JTC process. Synthetic discriminant function (SDF) can be integrated with fringe-adjusted filter to alleviate the problems of scale and rotation variations of the target. Fringe-adjusted JTC with monogenic signal representation can achieve illumination invariant pattern recognition. In the case of multiple target detection, the input-scene subtraction algorithm can be employed in JTC to efficiently detect multiple targets simultaneously with high correlation peak intensity with low false detection rate. While these techniques resolve specific problems of JTC, a full-fledged approach to equip the JTC with features that are robust to object rotation, scaling, and illumination variations is yet to be done. Therefore, our goal in this research is to reduce the sensitivity of the JTC to object distortions in the input image so that it can improve the detection efficiency in terms of sharper correlation peak intensity, narrow correlation width and higher pattern discriminability. In the proposed scheme, a local phase feature set is extracted prior to the JTC process, while the SDF is integrated with JTC during the correlation process. We evaluate our algorithm for face recognition and car tracking. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better performance compared to alternate JTC based methods.
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Rural Area Microgrid Implementation Repository (RAMIR): A tool for Integrating Economic, Environmental, and Societal Aspects of Microgrid Systems Implementation.
Jada Williams
Installing an efficient power generation infrastructure requires sensible selection strategies to consider significant variations of planning requirements for specific geographical regions. There has been a growing effort of research to provide a technically sounds and economically feasible source of electricity to underdeveloped regions through microgrid systems. However, there has been little effort to provide information through easily accessible web spaces or repositories to locate relevant research for rural area microgrid development. The main intention of this research project is to generate an open source web based tool named the Rural Area Microgrid Implementation Repository (RAMIR) to support microgrid implementation for rural cities and towns. RAMIR is intended to compile, track, and present relevant and useable information about the intended site for policymakers and student researchers in academia while aiming to facilitate decision making process on planning the implementation of the rural microgrid system. In order to show the efficacy of the tool, a case study of Sourou, Burkina Faso is presented. Energy demand of the city was calculated by interpolating values from a renewable energy installation project. HOMER software was used to select the size of the system and other inputs such as energy generation, conversion, and storage technologies. In order to evaluate impacts outside of the technical aspect of the optimized microgrid system, a decision making software (DMS) is used to compare the environmental and societal impacts of the candidate systems. This effort bridges the gaps where HOMER lacks in functionality and allow decision makers to consider the broader impacts of microgrid implementation projects within a community.
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School-Books on Tape: The Tensile and Adhesive Strength of Duct Tape in a College Backpack
Robin E. Ker
Two general categories were used to assess the strength of duct tape constructions: adhesive strength and tensile strength. Previously made duct tape backpacks frequently suffered from adhesive failure around the narrowest portion of the shoulder straps, and where small cosmetic patches were applied. When a backpack is lifted, it experiences a force which is greater than the resting weight.The hypothesis states that there is an area of application between two pieces of duct tape such that they will behave as a uniform piece and experience tensile failure, that two sufficiently overlapped pieces can hold within 5% of the load carried by a single piece, and that there is a relationship between the resting weight of a loaded backpack and the load applied to the straps when lifted.Five types of tape underwent tensile and lap shear testing in an Instron 4486 load frame. The tension test specimens were of uniform length, the lap-shear specimens had lengths which varied with the areas of overlap. There were two types of lap shear specimens: with adhesive layers in contact (LSA), and with the adhesive layer of one half adhered to the backing layer of the other (LSN). Maximum load and extension data was collected.Three backpacks were tested to determine the apparent load carried by the shoulder straps and handles when various static loads were applied. The backpacks were lifted with a Desik analog push-pull gauge which recorded maximum load.The maximum loads for the lap shear specimens were within 5% of the tension test results for four types in LSA and three types in LSN. The results for static vs. apparent loading means that a 25 lb. backpack needs to withstand 40 lbs. when lifted. The type of duct tape which is recommended for future backpack construction is 3M 3900.
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Sector Allocation and Stock Selection for the Flyer Fund: A Study In Propagation and Attribution Analysis for the Year 2014: Part 2
Eric T. Flanigan, Allison I. Michel
This Research Project extends the work of Eric Flanigan on Stock Selection and Attribution Analysis for the UD Flyer Fund. Flanigan used Bloomberg’s Propagation Analysis model to generate alternate stock selections for the Flyer Fund based on certain assumptions about the US macroeconomy. He assumed that oil prices would fall, interest rates would fall, and market volatility would fall with the continued steady growth for the US Economy. I build on his research by rebalancing his alternate portfolios of stocks at the end of each quarter. I also extended the analysis to include the first two months of 2015, which reflect rising volatility in the stock market due to geopolitical risks. Finally, I breakdown the attribution and stock selection analysis by S&P 500 Sector.
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Should Syllabi and Course Materials be Faculty Intellectual Property?
Reece E. Newman
In order to teach students subjects, faculty create syllabi and course materials such as course notes, outlines, PowerPoint or other presentations, learning software, texts such as books and articles, images and video, test review and assessment materials, e-mail, and discussion group or forum written comments and suggestions. If property is a general term for the rules and policies that govern people’s access to, control over, and use of valuable resources, and syllabi and course materials are regarded as valuable intellectual resources in contrast to land on the one hand and ownership shares in artificial legal entities on the other, then what rules and policies, if any, should govern syllabi and course materials created by faculty in higher education? If intellectual property rules and policies should govern syllabi and course materials, should the intellectual property rules and policies be common in the sense that streets and parks are common property, collective in the sense that military bases and artillery pieces are collective property, or private in the sense that toothbrushes and bicycles are private property? Furthermore, if the intellectual property rules and policies should be private, should syllabi and course materials intellectual property initially be private to individual faculty members, private to individual higher education institutions, or private to some hybrid of individual faculty members and higher education institutions? This poster presentation is a conceptual exploration of proposed answers to these questions. Its aim is to promote a deeper understanding of the issues involved in answering the overall question that pertains directly to the professoriate, “Should syllabi and course materials be faculty intellectual property?”
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Singularity Traces of Planar Linkages That Include Prismatic and Revolute Joints
Saleh M. Almestiri
The purpose of this research is to understand the motion characteristics of a linkage as a design parameter is altered. Understanding the motion characteristics of a mechanism is an important step in designing machinery. Kinematic analysis theory utilizing isotropic coordinates is implemented to construct mathematical models of planar linkages composed of rigid bodies, revolute joints, and prismatic joints. A graphical representation has been developed to represent the gross motion characteristics of a linkage called a singularity trace. The singularity trace provides a visual snapshot of the effects of altering a design parameter of the linkage by including the number of assembly circuits and the location of locked configurations. Bertini, software for solving large algebraic systems of equations, is used to determine the critical points of the singularity trace. MATLAB is then used to integrate from the Bertini solutions to plot the complete singularity trace.
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Someone Call the Interpreter: Experiences of At-Risk International Students at a Mid-Western Catholic Institution
Deanna L. Althammer
This study offers insight into the benefits of academic and career coaching courses for academically at-risk international students at a Mid-Western religious affiliated four-year private institution. It also explored how they relate to the perceived future academic success of international students. This study informs how academic coaching services can be designed to meet their unique needs so that future international students can thrive and succeed in U.S. higher education systems. Data was collected through qualitative in person interviews with current or former international students who were asked to participate in an academic and career-coaching course. This study revealed that despite the overall positive outcomes from participating in the academic and career-coaching course there were persisting challenges unique to international student experiences that were not directly addressed in the course.
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Statistics Content of Elementary Mathematics Textbooks
Megan R. Brown
This summer at Sam Houston State University, I, along with four coresearchers, investigated the nature and extent of the statistical content in U.S. textbooks for students in grades 1-5 by examining five textbook series. Using the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) Report, we systematically coded statistics tasks into four phases: Formulate a Question, Collect Data, Analyze Data, and Interpret Results. The Analyze Data phase was divided into four categories: Read a Display, Perform a Mathematical Calculation, Construct a Display, and Use Other Statistical Reasoning. We analyzed our results by looking at the location of the statistics tasks, the distribution of the phases, and the types of displays that appeared in each book. The textbooks were then checked to see which Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) standards were met. Our results suggest that the distribution of statistics tasks depended on the series, and we found that our sample of textbooks did not place equal emphasis on the different phases of the statistical process. Textbooks predominantly focus on analyzing data, which may inadvertently restrict opportunities for students to generate and interpret data. Our research was supervised by Dr. Dusty Jones (Sam Houston State University) and funded by NSF grant DMS-1262897.
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Study Hard NOT Party Hard: Influence of High-risk Drinking on Academic Attendance and Participation
Robert P. Hays
This study examines the influence high-risk alcohol consumption has on academic, co/extracurricular student engagement. The effects of alcohol in relation to college students has been examined by researchers and leading academics. However, studies have not extensively examined the effects of high-risk alcohol consumption beyond its influence on student behavior or students’ interpretive “success” in college. This study focuses on attendance and participation as an essential attribute to academic success and completion. Ten student participants were selected based on initial survey responses from areas of Housing & Residence Life, Office of Multicultural Affairs, Office of Learning Resources, and Greek Life. The interviews focused on their observations and interpretations of high-risk alcohol consumption, college high-risk alcohol consumption culture, and corresponding attendance and participation in university directed sessions. The findings of this study showed a relationship between high-risk alcohol consumption and deterred attendance and participation rates; thus disproving the ability to “study hard, party hard” as made popular in the college culture. The implications of this study will assist administrators, faculty, and students alike to implement new policies, procedures, and strategies, to offset the influence of high-risk alcohol consumption’s influence on academic and co/extracurricular student attendance and participation.
